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Biomedical subjects

R Bloom

Publications and source records attributed to R Bloom.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Immunomodulating activity of 3-(p-chlorophenyl)thiazolo-[3,2-a] benzimidazole-2-acetic acid (Wy-18,251, NSC 310633) in mice implanted with Lewis lung tumor. Effect of Wy-18,251 on lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis.

Proliferation of B lymphocytes is depressed in Lewis lung tumor bearing mice. Treatment of these mice with Wy-18,251 (5 mg/kg) significantly increased the responsiveness of their splenic T cells to concanavalin A in cell culture. Levamisole (5 mg/kg) acted more weakly than Wy-18,251. Neither Wy-18,251 nor levamisole elevated the depressed B cell mitogenesis. Wy-18,251 significantly increased macrophage phagocytosis against 51chromium labeled opsonized chicken red blood cells. Levamisole behaved differently: it either had no effect on phagocytosis, or depressed it.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

Smoking reduction: a comparison of the effectiveness of rapid smoking and increasing delay training.

The relative effectiveness of two treatment procedures in facilitating self-control of smoking behavior was compared. One week before treatment, subjects self-monitored number of cigarettes smoked. On the days of treatment, subjects were given pre- and postsession self-control tests; subjects were given a lit cigarette and were asked to withstand the temptation of taking a puff during an imposed delay period. After five days of two-hour sessions in which subjects' smoking was paced wtih either increasing delays or rapid smoking, subjects again were asked to self-monitor their smoking for one week. Increasing delay induced better self-control scores than did rapid smoking. Both groups were not significantly different in number of cigarettes smoked.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Smoking reduction: a comparison of the effectiveness of rapid smoking and increasing delay training.

The relative effectiveness of two treatment procedures in facilitating self-control of smoking behavior was compared. One week before treatment, subjects self-monitored number of cigarettes smoked. On the days of treatment, subjects were given pre- and postsession self-control tests; subjects were given a lit cigarette and were asked to withstand the temptation of taking a puff during an imposed delay period. After five days of two-hour sessions in which subjects' smoking was paced with either increasing delays or rapid smoking, subjects again were asked to self-monitor their smoking for one week. Increasing delay induced better self-control scores than did rapid smoking. Both groups were not significantly different in number of cigarettes smoked.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Psychotherapy with hallucinogenic adjuncts from a learning perspective.

A number of well-controlled studies have indicated that hallucinogen-assisted psychotherapy is both safe and effective. Following an historical overview, psycholytic and psychedelic therapy approaches are reviewed in terms of rationale, technique, applications, and outcomes. A new theoretical approach stemming from a learning orientation is offered as a conceptual basis for beneficial use of hallucinogens in psychotherapy. As a technology, the hallucinogens have not yet found acceptance as a useful therapeutic adjunct in the United States.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

The cleavage intercondylar fracture of the femur.

The mechanism of injury and long-term effects in three cases suggest that a specific type of intercondylar injury of the femur, i.e., cleavage fracture, is caused by force transmitted through the patella. Treatment is conservative. The fracture does not appear to have been mentioned previously in the English literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Immunomodulating and antimetastatic activity of 3-(p-chlorophenyl) thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole-2-acetic acid (Wy-18,251, NSC 310633).

The antimetastatic activity of a thiazolobenzimidazole, Wy-18,251 was investigated using various dosage regimens in mice with implanted Lewis lung tumors. The low doses, 1 and 5 mg/kg (i.p.) given 24 hours after implantation with two subsequent doses at 1 week intervals were most effective in reducing lung metastases. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs were significantly increased by oral doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg. In normal rats, peripheral blood lymphocytes determined by rosette assay, were significantly increased by oral doses of 50 to 150 mg/kg of Wy-18,251 and in a more sensitive assay using anti-theta serum the lymphocyte levels were increased by doses of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg. When cultured T lymphocytes from CBA/J mouse spleens were incubated with a suboptimal concentration of Concanavalin A, [3H]thymidine uptake was significantly increased in the presence of 0.05 to 1.0 microgram per culture. These results suggest that Wy-18,251 may have potential therapeutic value as an antimetastatic agent through its stimulation of the cellular immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Reversible respiratory failure due to intravascular leukostasis in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Relationship of oxygen transfer to leukocyte count.

In a 49 year old man with blast crisis and massive leukocytosis due to chronic myelogenous leukemia, severe hypoxic respiratory failure developed despite a normal chest film. Correction of hypoxemia was observed after reduction of the white blood cell count by hydroxy-urea therapy. A similar episode occurred prior to death, and necropsy examination revealed extensive plugging of the pulmonary vasculature by leukemic blast cells but no infection or pulmonary edema. An inverse linear correlation was demonstrated between the peripheral white blood cell count and the efficiency of oxygen transfer in the lung as determined by the arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio. We postulate that mechanical obstruction and/or leukocyte mediated capillary endothelial injury caused the severe leukocyte mediated capillary endothelial injury caused the severe hypoxemia. Abnormalities of pulmonary gas exchange may be common in leukemic patients with markedly increased leukocyte counts.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Reorganizing ambulatory care: an administrator's view.

Citing a continuing increase in the utilization of hospital outpatient services, the authors discuss the reorganization of the ambulatory care delivery system at a 300-bed community hospital serving the Cambridge, Massachusetts area. Due to the attrition of community-based physicians, the Mount Auburn Hospital had an overburdened emergency services and an underutilized outpatient department. To improve this situation, full-time physicians and a non-physician administrator were hired for the outpatient area. In the four years following the reorganization, patient volume has increased and utilization has shifted from emergency to primary care which has required the hospital to adjust staffing in several ancillary departments. The hospital has now reached the point where growth must be carefully planned and controlled in order to preserve cost-effective, high quality care. The authors conclude that planning for hospital-based ambulatory care units should include: (1) defining the needs of the target communities; (2) marketing programs; and (3) anticipating legislation which will influence the demand for outpatient services.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1976

Reorganization of ambulatory health care in an urban municipal hospital. Primary care and its impact on hospitalization.

Ambulatory care services have been reorganized in a New York City hospital. A newly developed Neighborhood Family Care Center (NFCC) replaced the outpatient clinics. The NFCC and both inpatient and emergency services are totally integrated so as to overcome many of the deficiencies that previously existed in ambulatory care, such as inferior quality of care, minimal academic involvement, fragmentation of services, overspecialization, and unresponsiveness to patients' needs. A review of all patients admitted to the Adult Medical Service has shown a statistically significant decrease in admission rates for diabetic coma-acidosis, severe hypertension, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accidents, and severe asthma during the 18 months following the reorganization of ambulatory care. Analysis of cost effectiveness of these changes on the utilization of hospital beds indicates the potential for reduced expenditures of limited health care dollars.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1973

Acute renal cortical necrosis. Variable course and changing prognosis.

Three cases of acute bilateral renal cortical necrosis, each with a different clinical course, are discussed. One patient spontaneously recovered renal function after prolonged oliguria. This case should be added to the small number of similar case reports in the literature. The second patient recovered adequate renal function temporarily, but eventually required chronic hemodialysis and renal transplantation. There was pathological evidence of progression from focal to massive cortical necrosis. The third patient never regained renal function, but is well after dialysis and transplantation. The influence of modern theories of pathogenesis of the disease, and increased availability of dialysis, are discussed in relation to the initial prognostic assessment of the patient with cortical necrosis.

Acute Disease↗