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Biomedical subjects

R Bost

Publications and source records attributed to R Bost.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Diagnostic value of gastric pHmetry in duodenogastric reflux].

Several studies have been performed to examine the problem of diagnosing gastroduodenal reflux (GDR). No single method is widely accepted. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diagnostic value of gastric pHmetry in this regard. A gastric aspiration probe attached to a combined glass electrode was placed in the stomach of 24 patients, with its distal tip located between 9 and 12 cm below the cardia. One ml samples of gastric juice were taken from 8 of the patients every 30 min for 15 h and as well as, every time a spontaneous alkalinization (SA) (defined by a pH greater than or equal to 4 for at least 1 min) was observed. The pH of each sample was measured by colorimetry whereas the concentration of total biliary acids (CTBA) was evaluated by the fluorimetric method (Kit Sterognost 3 alpha Flu); pH value measured via the intragastric electrode during aspiration was also recorded (protocol A). Continuous gastric aspiration was carried out in the remaining 16 patients for the entire duration of the test (6 h) which was divided into periods of 20 min. Apart from the parameters evaluated during protocol A, the percentage of time during which the stomach had a pH greater than or equal to 4 was recorded, as well as the quantity of total biliary acids collected over the 20 min periods (protocol B). Correlation studies were carried out using the Kendall tau and Spearman tests. Percentages were compared using the chi 2 test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Gastric emptying of a solid-liquid meal in gastroesophageal reflux in adults].

Several studies concerning the relationships between gastroesophageal reflux (GOR), gastric emptying and esophageal motility are available. So far, results have been contradictory. The purpose of this work was to study gastric emptying in patients with GOR; to search for simultaneous esophageal motility disorders and to specify their type and frequency; to establish a potential relationship between motor disorders of the esophagus and the stomach in these patients. Thirty-two consecutive patients were selected according to clinical criteria, i.e. presence of at least two of the three characteristic symptoms of GOR, and the data of a three-hour post-prandial pH-metry. Gastric stasis related clinical manifestations (nausea, post-prandial vomiting, sensation of abdominal distension or of post-prandial epigastric fullness) were also searched for in all patients. A gastroscopy allowed to score esophagitis in each case. All patients, including adult controls underwent an esophageal manometry as well as a radionuclide determination of gastric emptying, after isotopic labelling of the solid (S) and liquid (L) phases of a test meal. The results showed that there was no significant modification of gastric emptying of the S and L phases of the meal in the group of patients with GOR whatever the intensity of the reflux, judged on the pH-metry results and the endoscopic data. Thus the average time of gastric half-emptying of S and L was respectively 115 and 52 min for the patients vs 111 and 51 min for the control group. As well, no correlation was found between the gastric emptying parameters and the presence or absence of clinical signs of gastric stasis or the amplitude of esophageal contraction waves. On an individual basis, two patients showed a significant decrease in gastric emptying of either the S or L phases without any attendant modification in the kinetics of the other. These results suggest that, in the adult, gastric emptying cannot be considered to be a determining factor of GOR and there are no diffuse motility disorders of the upper digestive tract during this illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary results of Cytos 2 experiment.

Cytos 2 experiment, carried out during the French-Soviet manned flight (July 1982), has studied the antibiotics sensitivity of bacteria cultivated in vitro during the orbital flight. The results show an increase of the antibiotics resistance and a larger thickness of the cellular envelope for the inflight cells. The increase of antibiotics resistance can be related to a stimulating effect of space on the cell growth rate or to changes of the cellular envelope structure.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Esophageal motility in Raynaud's disease, systemic scleroderma and presclerodermal Raynaud's syndrome].

Fifty-five consecutive subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon were submitted to esophageal manometry. According to the results of clinical examination and periungual capillaroscopy, they were divided into three groups: sixteen patients presented presclerodermal Raynaud's phenomenon, and nineteen, systemic sclerosis; twenty others had Raynaud's disease. Twenty volunteers formed the control group. Esophageal motor disorders were observed in the group with presclerodermal Raynaud's phenomenon, affecting the esophageal lower sphincter and the peristalsis of the body of the esophagus. In the group with systemic sclerosis, these motor disorders were associated with alterations in the amplitude and the duration of contractions. Esophageal motility was normal in subjects with Raynaud's disease. We can conclude that: 1) esophageal motor disorders can be seen in presclerodermal Raynaud's phenomenon. The kind of abnormalities observed at this stage of the disease are in favor of an early alteration of the neurogenic component of esophageal motility; 2) there is no relationship between esophageal motor disorders and Raynaud's phenomenon in scleroderma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Gastric emptying of a solid-liquid meal in normal subjects: validity of the labeling (99mTc) of chicken liver by a multipuncture technic].

For gastric emptying studies of a solid-liquid meal by the scintigraphic method, a valid isotope labeling method for each phase of the meal must be obtained. The aim of this study was to validate a simple chicken liver labeling method in normal subjects by multipuncture technic with 99mtechnetium. Labeling according to Meyer's method was chosen as a reference. Simultaneously, a study of the quality of liquid phase labeling by 111indium was done. The labeling process quality for each phase of the meal was assessed: a) in vitro, after incubation of the meal with human gastric juice (n = 12); b) in vivo, after meal ingestion and sequential collection of gastric contents by aspiration (n = 4). Furthermore, in 8 healthy volunteers, gastric emptying curves of the solid and liquid phases of the meal were determined scintigraphically and compared. Our results showed: a) for the solid phase: a good specificity of the marker, which was assessed in vitro and in vivo, after liver labeling with multipuncture technique (89 p. 100 and 92 p. 100 after 180 min, respectively); b) for the liquid phase: a good specificity of the marker in vitro and a poor specificity in vivo (82 p. 100 and 27 p. 100 after 180 min, respectively); c) similar half-gastric emptying times and cumulative percentages for the solid and liquid phases with both liver labeling methods. In conclusion, the multipuncture technique for chicken liver labeling may be used for gastric emptying studies in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Circulatory and hormonal changes induced by microgravity].

The absence (or decrease) of the hydrostatic pressure during space flights (microgravity state) or simulations of weightlessness (by immersion, bed rest or head-down tilt) result in a body fluid shift and an engorgement of the central circulation where mechanoreceptors involved in plasma volume regulation are located. Their activation induces the initial (first hours) hormonal response with a decrease in plasma vasopressin, renin and aldosterone and probably an increase in a natriuretic factor (Gauer reflex). Prolonged exposure to microgravity leads to more complex and often hypothetical responses: cardiovascular deconditioning, modifications in secretion and circadian rhythms of above cited hormones. After 24 years of studies on approximately 200 astronauts our knowledge of cardiovascular and hormonal adaptation to space flight is still at the beginning.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of propantheline on the motor activity of the normal human esophagus].

The aim of this study was to examine the action of orally administrated propantheline bromide, an anticholinergic agent, on esophageal motor function. To evaluate these effects a double blind randomized study was carried out in ten normal volunteers. An optimal effective dose for each subject was determined according to the Sun and Shay method. Esophageal motor activity following dry and wet swallow was markedly altered by propantheline. This drug: a) dramatically lowered the peristaltic wave amplitude in the smooth muscle part of the esophagus (P less than 0.001); b) decreased the wave velocity in the proximal part of the smooth muscle (P less than 0.05), and c) increased the frequency of both the non peristaltic and repetitive waves (P less than 0.001). On the other hand propantheline weakly but significantly diminished the lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that: a) the peristaltic function of the human esophageal smooth muscle is greatly dependent on muscarinic neurotransmission, and b) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux, orally as well as parenterally administrated anticholinergic agents are contraindicated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Colorectal cancer. Knowledge of the public and acceptability of early detection in non-hospital medical practice].

Six general practitioners attached to a day-care center investigated the extent of their patient's knowledge concerning colorectal cancer and the degree of cooperation to be expected in a screening program. An eight-week information campaign was organized in the neighborhood from which 60 p. cent of their patients were drawn, along with free access to a guaiac test for people aged forty and over. Surveys conducted before the campaign and six months after, revealed how well- or ill-informed the local people were. Immediately after the campaign a screening program combining rectosigmoidoscopy with guaiac test was proposed to patients aged forty and over. Their level of cooperation was studied over a period of three years. Before the campaign 4.5 p. cent of those interviewed were afraid of contracting colorectal cancer, while 14.5 p. cent considered it to be frequent. After the campaign, 13.5 p. cent of people interviewed as opposed to 4.4 p. cent before (p less than 0.001) knew polyps to be precancerous lesions; 22.6 p. cent, as opposed to 2.4 p. cent before (p less than 0.001) mentioned the search for occult blood in the feces as a screening method. Their knowledge of endoscopy remained unchanged (mentioned by 15.5 p. cent of the people interviewed). During the campaign, 8.6 p. cent of people in the neighborhood of forty and upwards carried out a test. Seventy-five (2 p. cent) of the 3,860 people aged forty and over who consulted a general practitioner at least once during the three-year period following the campaign underwent the full screening program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Colonic Neoplasms↗