PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Bottomley

Publications and source records attributed to R Bottomley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Allergenic properties of the genetic variants A and B of bovine beta-lactoglobulin.

The principal allergen in cow's milk is beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) which is normally found as equal mixtures of the A and B genetic variants in pooled milk. The A and B variants were purified in large amounts and fed to guinea pigs. After 15 days, circulating immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2 to the milk proteins were detected, with a somewhat higher response to beta-Lg A than B. Sensitised guinea pigs succumbed to anaphylactic shock when challenged intracardially with either variant. The higher response is likely to be due to amino acid residues found only in the A variant, lying in surface regions of the molecule.

Allergens↗
PubMed1983

Phase II evaluation of galactitol in head and neck cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

A phase II evaluation of DAG in head and neck cancer patients produced one partial response and one patient with prolonged stable disease from nine fully evaluable patients with squamous carcinomas. One partial response was produced in a patient with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. No drug deaths or life-threatening toxicity were reported. Further evaluation of DAG in thyroid tumors is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Combination chemotherapy plus BCG in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

The Southwest Oncology Group performed a randomized study comparing combination chemotherapy alone versus combination chemotherapy plus BCG versus DTIC plus BCG in the treatment of disseminated malignant melanoma. A 31% response rate was noted with combination chemotherapy alone, a 27% response rate with combination chemotherapy plus BCG, and an 18% response rate with DTIC plus BCG. Survival was not influenced by type of therapy, but the responders had significantly longer survival than the nonresponders. There appeared to be some significant differences in response as related to age wherein those patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years had a higher response rate to combination chemotherapy as compared to DTIC plus BCG. Those patients older than 60 years of age had a higher response rate in the BCG groups. Furthermore, in those patients older than 60 years of age who responded, their duration of response was longer if they received BCG than those who did not receive BCG. It should be emphasized that those differences noted in various age groups could occur by chance alone. These differences should be studied in the future, by appropriate pretreatment stratifications. Patients with higher peripheral lymphocyte counts had significantly better response rates and those patients with higher numbers of positive delayed hypersensitivity skin tests had significantly greater survival. A significant improvement in survival was noted in patients whose PPD converted from negative to positive during therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vincristine, BCNU, doxorubicin, and prednisone (VBAP) combination in the treatment of relapsing or resistant multiple myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

A total of 151 patients with myeloma who had relapsed with or were resistant to melphalan and/or cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) with prednisone received vincristine, carmustine (BCNU), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and prednisone (VBAP) at 21-day intervals; 39 patients (25%) responded. Of the 123 patients with relapsing myeloma, 37 (30%) responded. Only two (7%) of the 28 patients with resistant myeloma responded. The regimen was well-tolerated in patients who had not had prior extensive irradiation. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent form of toxicity. Survival was significantly longer in those patients responding to VBAP (median, 78 weeks) than in those not responding (median, 33 weeks) (P = 0.002). VBAP is a safe, effective regimen for patients with myeloma who relapse with alkylating agents.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Phase II study of anguidine in gastrointestinal malignancies: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

The Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II study of anguidine in 134 patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Anguidine was administered as a 4-hour infusion at doses of 3.0 and 4.5 mg/m2 daily x 5. Response rates for patients with colon carcinoma were 22% (four of 18 patients without previous chemotherapy) and 6% (four of 63 patients with previous chemotherapy). There were no responses in patients with pancreatic cancer (four patients) or gastric cancer (six). Toxic effects included thrombocytopenia (19.8%), leukopenia (18.8%), nausea and vomiting (49%), hypotension (37%), and confusion (12%). Antitumor activity of anguidine in patients with colon cancer may be similar to that of 5-FU, but nonhematologic toxicity is substantial.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine combined with methyl-CCNU or mitomycin in advanced colorectal cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group study.

Two hundred twenty eligible patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with a combination of beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine (BTG), plus methyl-CCNU or mitomycin. There was no significant difference in overall response (CR/PR + stable) among fully evaluable patients between the mitomycin plus BTG arm 19/96 (19.7%) and the MeCCNU arm 26/87 (29.8%). Median survival of eligible patients was 19 weeks with mitomycin plus BTG versus 21 weeks with MeCCNU plus BTG: no difference. Median survival of responders (40 weeks) and patients with stable disease (35 weeks) was significantly better than patients with increasing disease (17 weeks): p + 0.001.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC) combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced sarcomas.

One hundred and forty adult patients with advanced sarcomas (125 soft tissue and 15 bone) were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and DTIC (CYVADIC). There were 21 (15%) complete and 45 (32%) partial responders, with an overall response rate of 47%. The response rate was 50% (17% complete) for patients with soft tissue sarcomas compared with 20% (none complete) for patients with bone sarcomas. The median duration of response was 9.5 months (range, 1-40+ months) for complete responders and 7 months (range, 1-31 months) for partial responders. The median time to achieve response was 9 weeks and the median number of courses of therapy to response was three. The median survival time was 16 months for responders compared with 7 months for nonresponders (P = 0.001). The most responsive tumor types were neurofibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and angiosarcoma. Pulmonary and soft tissue metastases were more responsive than bone and liver metastases. CYVADIC toxicity was predominantly limited to myelosuppression, vomiting, fever of unknown origin, and neuropathy. CYVADIC is an effective combination chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of advanced sarcomas.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1979

5 FU infusion with mitomycin-C vs. 5 FU infusion with methyl-CCNU in the treatment of advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

A randomized trial was conducted by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) in advanced carcinoma of the stomach and pancreas. Patients were assigned to receive monthly 5-fluorouracil 96-hour continuous infusions with either bolus mitomycin-C or oral methyl-CCNU. Mitomycin-C and methyl-CCNU were administered every eight weeks. The 5 FU-mitomycin combination produced a 14% and 22% response rate in disseminated stomach and pancreatic carcinoma, respectively. The combination of infusion 5 FU and methyl-CCNU achieved responses in 9% and 5% of stomach and pancreatic tumors, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between limbs for either tumor. Median survival in gastric carcinoma on the 5 FU-mitomycin regimen was 25 weeks vs. 18 weeks on the 5 FU-METHYL-CCNU arm. In pancreatic carcinoma median survival on the mitomycin limb was 19 weeks as compared to 17 weeks on the methyl-CCNU program. Leukopenia was greater for the first course on the mitomycin limb. Regression analysis demonstrated that performance status was the most important pretreatment characteristic for predicting survival in both tumors. Neither 5 FU infusion combination appears to significantly alter the dismal prognosis of advanced upper gastrointestinal neoplasms.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

5FU infusion with mitomycin-C versus 5 FU infusion with methyl-CCNU in the treatment of advanced colon cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) in a randomized trial evaluated 5FU infusions in combination with either Mitomycin-C or Methyl-CCNU in patients with disseminated large bowel cancer. A response rate of 18% was noted on the 5FU-Mitomycin limb as compared to 16% on the Methyl-CCNU arm (p = .39). Median survival for all treated patients was 43 weeks on both arms. Myelosuppression was found to be more significant on the Mitomycin-C arm. Regression analysis demonstrated that performance status, sex, and primary site were significant pretreatment characteristics for predicting survival. The response rates associated with this burdensome method of 5FU administration in combination with either Mitomycin-C or Methyl-CCNU appear to offer little advantage over bolus 5FU alone.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Small-cell carcinoma of the lung: combined chemotherapy and radiation: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

Chemotherapy (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine) was given in a sequential fashion with radiation of the primary tumor and brain to 358 patients with small-cell lung carcinoma (extensive disease in 250, limited in 108). Complete regression of tumor was obtained in 14% of patients with extensive disease and 41% of patients with limited disease, and complete or partial response in 57% and 75%, respectively. Median survival was 26 weeks for patients with extensive disease and 52 weeks for those with limited disease. Response duration was longer for patients in complete remission; one third had disease-free survival greater than 1 year. Toxicity from the combined treatment modalities was no greater than expected from the components given separately: fatal in 3.9%, and life-threatening but reversible in 8.4% of patients. Whole-brain radiation was effective in preventing isolated relapse at that site. This therapy appears both feasible and effective, with acceptable risks and some benefit to most patients.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Mitomycin C, vincristine, and bleomycin therapy for advanced cervical cancer.

The Southwest Oncology Group has treated 130 patients with advanced disseminated uterine cervical carcinoma no longer amenable to therapy with further radiation or surgery. Patients received one of three different schedules of mitomycin C, vincristine and bleomycin. A twice weekly schedule of bleomycin and vincristine produced response in 60% of patients. An infusion bleomycin schedule produced response in 39% of patients and a once weekly vincristine bleomycin schedule produced a 25% response rate (45% overall). Responding patients lived significantly longer than nonresponders (30 vs 18 weeks). Toxicities encountered included leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, peripheral neuropathy, gastrointestinal upset, dermatitis, and alopecia. We believe two of the schedules utilized represent an improvement in producing tumor remission induction in this previously recognized refractory carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Comparative trial of combination chemotherapy in extensive squamous carcinoma of the lung: a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

The Southwest Oncology Group carried out a comparative study of two combination chemotherapy regimens in 231 patients with extensive squamous carcinoma of the lung. One regimen consisted of bleomycin, adriamycin, CCNU, vincristine, and mechlorethamine (BACON). The other involved mechlorethamine, adriamycin, and CCNU (NAC) in the same dose and schedule but with the deletion of vincristine and bleomycin. The response rate was 21% for BACON and 16% for NAC. The median survival time (MST) was 16 weeks for all patients receiving each regimen. Pretreatment performance statues (PS) was significantly related to the response rates: these were 28% for BACON and 23% for NAC among fully ambulatory patients (PS, 8-10) versus 15% for BACON and 10% for NAC among those with a lesser PS (P less than 0.05). Survival was also influenced by PS; the MST was 28 weeks for PSs 8-10 with either regimen compared to an overall MST of 11.5 weeks for patients with PSs 5-7 and 2.8 weeks for PSs 1-4. The toxicity of the two regimens was comparable with a 4% incidence of treatment-related deaths. An additional 10% of the patients were hospitalized because of life-threatening but reversible toxic effects. The only patients for whom there may be an improvement in MST over that expected from supportive care alone are those with PSs 8-10. Patients who demonstrated response or improvement, regardless of PS, had a significantly longer MST: 39.5 versus 11.2 weeks for those who did not respond (P = 0.001).

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Role of DTIC (NSC-45388) in the chemotherapy of sarcomas.

DTIC was one of the first of several new agents evaluated by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) and the M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute (MDAH) in the therapy of adult patients with metastatic sarcomas. It yielded an overall response rate of 17%. This is similar to that seen in a review of 138 patients who represent the total number reported in either published or unpublished data. The subsequent addition of DTIC to adriamycin in several studies carried out at the MDAH and in the SWOG has increased the complete and partial remission rate over that seen with adriamycin alone, and more importantly has increased remission duration and survival. DTIC is currently used in combination with adriamycin in the first-line therapy of patients with metastatic sarcomas and should be considered for patients who have relapsed on primary therapy not including DTIC.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗