Biomedical subjects

R Brosch

Publications and source records attributed to R Brosch.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Further serological investigations in humans and domestic animals on the Cape Verde Islands (Q-fever, brucellosis, listeriosis, shigellosis, campylobacteriosis, yersiniosis, toxoplasmosis and chlamydia of PLT-group).

439 sera of domestic animals and various number (150-500) of human sera of the Cape Verde Islands were examined for antibodies against Coxiella burnetti, Brucella abortus, B.melitensis, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, S.flexneri, S. boydii, S.sonnei, Campylobacter jejuni, C.fetus ssp. intestinalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia of the PLT-group. It could be shown, that on the Cape Verde Islands there is to be counted with numerous zoonoses due to various microorganisms in man as well as in domestic animals. Q-Fever examination showed exceedingly high positivity of human sera (81.6%) and those of domestic animals (84.7%). One of the main reasons for the wide distribution of infectious diseases, especially diarrhoeal diseases such as Shigellosis, Yersiniosis and Campylobacter infections as well as Salmonellosis and Amebiasis on the Islands is the bad hygienic situation, an improvement of which as well as an intensification of research work, health education and a better medical care would be essential for the control of communicable diseases on the Cape Verde Islands.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Additional human Q-fever studies on the Cape Verde Islands--2nd report.

The MAR-test results including titer levels of 1:4 and higher revealed 92% positive reactions in the district of Santa Cruz/Santiago and 77% positive reactions in 6 villages of Santo Antao. The submitted examinations prove the agent Coxiella burnetti's existence responsible for different clinical pictures observed on the Cape Verde Islands.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Serological investigations in Q-fever and listeriosis of wild-living small mammals on the Cape Verde Islands.

Serological investigations of small mammals had been made on the Island Santiago (Cape Verde Islands), to clear up how far synantropic, small mammals are reservoir hosts for pathogens, such as Coxiella burnetti and Listeria monocytogenes. 367 small mammals representing two species (Rattus rattus and Mus musculus) were trapped. Q-fever antibodies were detected in 155 of 350 examined rats and mice (44.29%). 18.89% of all tested sera showed positive results to Listeria-antigen, serovar 4bH, 5.48% to 4b0 and 9.75% to 01.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Resistance to antibiotics in humans and animals on the Cape Verde Islands.

From the Cape Verde Islands no studies are known about an efficient treatment with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics. Because of this human samples and samples of domestic animals were collected, the different bacterias were isolated and the antibiograms were analyzed by agar-diffusions-test. The human samples consisted of wound-, eye-, anal-, vaginal- and throat-smears, the animal samples consisted of jaw-, anal- and wound-smears. the aim of these investigations was to make efficient treatment with antibiotics and chemotherapeutics possible. The best efficacy had Cefotaxim, Gentamicin and Trimethoprim + Sulfonamid. Very poor were Penicillin G, Aminopenicillin and Cephalexin.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[Significance of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in patients with multiple injuries].

The incidence, time of onset and course of clinically manifest upper gastrointestinal bleeding was analysed in 265 polytraumatized patients with an average "injury severity score" (ISS) of 31.5. Under standardized intensive-care treatment - including appropriate artificial ventilation; maintenance of a stable circulation; complete parenteral and earliest possible enteral nutrition; low-dose heparinization; sedation and analgesia as required; and intragastric administration of antacids - only two patients (0.8%) had clinically manifest upper intestinal bleeding and then only preterminally in the course of incurable multi-organ involvement, the bleeding being a component of multiple organ failure. The focus of stress-ulcer prevention should lie in a decrease of factors precipitating multiple organ failure, as well as in the carefully selective use of general intensive-care measures. The need of general systemic prevention with H2-receptor blockers and (or) pirenzepine is questionable.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Injury severity score (ISS) in the classification of polytrauma patients].

Differentiated classification of overall severity of a multiple injury is essential to proper assessment of therapeutic success in cases of polytraumatisation. The injury severity score (ISS) is a classification system primarily based on anatomic findings and has proved to be highly practicable and suitable for investigations of larger groups of traumatised patients and their verifiable comparability. Its use is described by examples. The informative potential of the ISS was verified by traumatic patterns and pathological courses of 1,017 patients with injuries from accidents. ISS was found to be well correlated with final courses of diseases, length of treatment and artificial ventilation of survivors as well as with the amount of banked blood required for preoperative management. Effects of age on prognosis are not considered in ISS. Conclusive information on individual prognosis cannot be derived from ISS.

Accidents↗

PubMed1985

[Value of the injury severity score (ISS)].

The injury severity score (ISS) has been most widely accepted as a practicable method of classifying traumatised patients (ie., patients with accident injuries) according to the severity of their injuries, and has become more popular than all other comparable classification systems. By allocating the patients to different severity groups, it facilitates their classification in respect of prognosis. Over and above this, it enables comparison of patient groups of different hospitals. The authors investigated the validity of ISS classification by studying the case records of 432 patients in a traumatological intensive-care ward. They found good correlation between ISS score on the one hand, and lethality, requirements of banked blood during first-aid care and duration of treatment and artificial respiration of survivors on the other. However, the mean survival time of those patients who had died, did not reveal any connection with the severity of the injury. It is definitely impossible to arrive at any prognosis for an individual patient on the basis of his ISS classification. With increasing age, lethality after an accident increases even if the injury is less severe. The validity of ISS could be increased further if the age of the patients could be taken into account as well.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Modification of vigilance in the postanesthetic phase using physostigmine].

Physostigmine is an approved antidote in the treatment of intoxication as well as in the management of overdoses of numerous medications--many of which are used in the course of pre-medication or anesthesia induction or maintenance. In order to clarify whether or not physostigmine can accelerate the restoration of normal vigilance, a randomised, double-blind study of 60 patients was performed on the basis of 14 pre-determined vigilance criteria. The patients who received physostigmine demonstrated a significantly superior and more rapid restoration of consciousness as compared to the control group. Side-effects following administration were not observed. The results of our study indicate that post-anaesthesia administration of physostigmine appears useful in the treatment of certain types of patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b by use of low-frequency-cleavage restriction endonucleases and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to compare the limited number of large restriction fragments generated by digesting DNA of Listeria monocytogenes strains with restriction enzymes characterized by rare recognition sequences. Sixteen macro-restriction patterns were observed with ApaI and SmaI, and 7 with NotI, among 42 strains of serovar 4b, the most important serovar in human listeriosis epidemiology. Analysis of these restriction fragment length polymorphisms enabled a rapid differentiation of genetically closely related strains, revealing differences between strains which initially appeared similar by other typings. The results of this study suggested that the PFGE protocol could be a useful addition to methods currently available for epidemiological analysis of human listeriosis.

Electrophoresis↗