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Biomedical subjects

R Bukowski

Publications and source records attributed to R Bukowski.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

High dose AZQ in renal cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group phase II study.

Fifty-seven patients with renal cancer were treated with AZQ, utilizing one of three IV push schedules. Only one partial response was seen in 55 evaluable patients, and considerable myelosuppression was encountered. Gastrointestinal toxicity was more severe in those patients who had received prior treatment. At these higher doses AZQ is deemed an inactive agent in patients with renal cell carcinoma, at least when the drug is administered as a push schedule.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Measurement of a monoclonal-antibody-defined antigen (CA19-9) in the sera of patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen.

Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using monoclonal antibody for colon cancer cell surface antigen (CA19-9) was compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) with regard to sensitivity and specificity in 730 patients. In the 341 patients who had no evidence of malignant disease, CA19-9 levels ranged between less than 1.5 to 49 U/ml. Specificity of CA19-9 at a cutoff of 20 U/ml was similar to that of CEA at a cutoff of 5.0 ng/ml; CA19-9 was more sensitive than CEA in pancreatic cancer, whereas CEA was more sensitive than CA19-9 in breast, colon, and gastric cancer. Of 17 patients with pancreatic cancer, 13 had elevated levels of CA19-9 (sensitivity, 76%), whereas only 8 had elevated levels of CEA (sensitivity, 47%) and 15 had elevated levels of either CEA or CA19-9 (sensitivity, 88%). These findings suggest that, like CEA, CA19-9 is detectable in nonmalignant diseases and is not specific for gastrointestinal tumors, and has higher sensitivity than CEA only in pancreatic cancer. However, further prospective studies are required to verify its value in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of heterogeneity in daunorubicin uptake by human leukemia cells using laser flow cytometry.

Heterogeneity in daunorubicin uptake by leukemic blast cells obtained from the bone marrow of 16 patients with acute leukemia (10 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and 6 acute lymphocytic leukemia) was determined by laser flow cytometry following drug treatment in vitro for 1 hr. Fluorescence profiles of cellular anthracycline levels in the various samples indicated a marked heterogeneity in daunorubicin uptake and the range of detectable drug fluorescent cells was 34%-99%. A retrospective analysis of disease outcome in these patients who were treated with a daunorubicin or doxorubicin containing induction regimen indicated the following: (a) 8 of 11 patients who entered complete remission had greater than 80% of leukemic blast cells accumulating detectable amounts of daunorubicin; and (b) 3 of 4 patients who did not respond to chemotherapy had less than 40% of the leukemic blast cells accumulating detectable amounts of daunorubicin. These results suggest that laser flow cytometry may be useful in determining qualitative and quantitative differences in daunorubicin levels in heterogeneous tumor cell populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Phase II study of anguidine in gastrointestinal malignancies: a Southwest Oncology Group study.

The Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II study of anguidine in 134 patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Anguidine was administered as a 4-hour infusion at doses of 3.0 and 4.5 mg/m2 daily x 5. Response rates for patients with colon carcinoma were 22% (four of 18 patients without previous chemotherapy) and 6% (four of 63 patients with previous chemotherapy). There were no responses in patients with pancreatic cancer (four patients) or gastric cancer (six). Toxic effects included thrombocytopenia (19.8%), leukopenia (18.8%), nausea and vomiting (49%), hypotension (37%), and confusion (12%). Antitumor activity of anguidine in patients with colon cancer may be similar to that of 5-FU, but nonhematologic toxicity is substantial.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

IgD myeloma. Report of a case with unusual clinical and immunologic features.

A case of IgD myeloma in a 48-year-old Caucasian man is reported. The unusual features of this case included the absence of osteolytic lesions by x-ray, absence of anemia, absence of monoclonal spike on serum electrophoresis, association of kappa light chains, absence of Bence Jones proteinemia and Bence Jones proteinuria, and a remarkable, temporary clinical response to therapy. Immunoelectrophoresis of whole serum yielded a pattern consistent with IgD kappa monoclonal gammopathy. Immunoelectrophoresis of a pure serum IgD preparation, previously separated by gel chromatography (Sephadex G-200), revealed definitive information about an IgD kappa monoclonal gammopathy. Immunomicroscopic examination of bonemarrow smears showed the presence of delta and kappa chains only in the cytoplasm of plasma cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Gingival biopsy in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Gingival biopsy has been advocated as a readily available, safe, rapid histologic confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Eighteen gingival biopsies from 16 patients with proven thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura were reviewed. Seven (39%) showed characteristic histologic changes: [1] subendothelial hyalinelike deposits; [2] intraluminal deposits; [3] lack of inflammatory change in vessels and stroma. To assess specificity, gingival sections from 154 patients with oral pathology only and from 50 unselected autopsies were reviewed: 10% to 20% of biopsies from patients with oral pathology only (primarily inflammation) and three of 50 autopsy specimens showed occasional intraluminal deposits but no subendothelial deposits. In addition, other histologic features permitted them to be distinguished from thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. We conclude that gingival biopsy in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, although helful in confirming the diagnosis, is less often positive than has been suggested. Biopsy of grossly inflamed gingiva should be avoided.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

T and B lymphocytes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a comparison of tumor-derived cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes.

T- and B-cell markers of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, involved node and spleen, PHA response of peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin levels, and skin test reactivity to six common antigens were studied in 16 cases of untreated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Impaired response of peripheral lymphocytes to PHA was observed in 13 of 16 cases, regardless of the proportion of T lymphocytes. Of 12 cases in which skin tests were done, two were positive and had a normal PHA response, seven cases were positive in spite of low PHA response, and three were negative with low PHA response. In the lymph nodes from involved areas two cases showed monoclonal increase of B-cells, five showed "null" cell increase, and the remaining nine showed no increase or decrease of subpopulation of lymphocytes. No correlation with surface marker of lymphocytes to histologic classification was seen. From the above observations it was concluded: 1) a low PHA response in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was not due to the decreased population of T-cells; 2) a low PHA response may not necessarily indicate impaired delayed hypersensitivity; and 3) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be classified in the following ways--B-cell proliferative type, "null" cell increase type, and normal T/B proportion type.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phase II trial of circadian infusion floxuridine (FUDR) in hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer.

Circadian administration of chemotherapy has been reported to decrease toxicity and possibly enhance efficacy. Between March 1991 and December 1993, 18 evaluable patients with progressive, hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer were treated in this phase II trial of circadian infusion floxuridine (FUDR). The drug was delivered through a central venous catheter using a CADD-Plus computerized pump such that approximately 70% of the drug was administered between 3 and 9 p.m. and the rest (30%) was administered between 9 p.m. and 3 p.m. The dose of FUDR was 0.15 mg/kg/day x 14 days every 4 weeks. A total of 79 complete cycles was administered. Two of 18 evaluable patients (11.1%) had decreases in PSA lasting five and eight months. No objective responses or improvement in bone scans was noted. The major toxicity observed was diarrhea. Although circadian infusion FUDR is feasible and tolerable, it has limited activity in hormone refractory prostate cancer.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of estrogen receptor status on response to combination chemotherapy for recurrent breast cancer.

To determine the influence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) status on response to chemotherapy among patients with recurrent breast cancer amenable to biopsy, we studied 65 patients who had ER determinations performed on metastatic lesions. The response to combination chemotherapy and duration of survival were determined in 49 of these patients who receive cytotoxic chemotherapy as their sole modality of treatment. Compared to patients with ER levels less than 3 femtomols/mg, patients with an ER concentration greater than or equal to femtomols/mg had a higher response rate (57% vs 21%, P less than 0.05) and a longer survival (35 vs 13 patients was attributable to response to subsequent hormonal manipulations. These differences between ER-positive and ER-negative patients were lessened by redefining ER-positive as greater than 10 femotomols/mg. Nevertheless, at our institution patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer have a higher response rate to chemotherapy and survive longer than their ER-negative counterparts.

Antineoplastic Agents↗