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R Bush

Publications and source records attributed to R Bush.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Studies on the discriminative stimulus properties of ethanol in squirrel monkeys.

Eight male squirrel monkeys were trained to use the pharmacological effects of ethanol [orally via gastric intubation 1600 mg/kg (IG), in normal saline] versus those produced by equivolume saline as discriminative stimuli in an operant conditioning (bar pressing) procedure in which the availability of banana-flavored food pellets was made contingent upon the drug condition of the animal (ethanol SD, saline S delta for four monkeys; saline SD, ethanol S delta for the other four monkeys). Test doses of 7.5 mg/kg pentobarbital IG and 80 mg/kg barbital IG closely mimicked the cue properties of ethanol, while doses of morphine sulfate (5.0-20 mg/kg IG) failed to elicit ethanol-appropriate responding. Other ethanolic beverages containing 1600 mg/kg ethanol in the same volume as the training dose, and found to mimic the cue properties of pure ethanol were bourbon, gin, beer, vodka, and red wine. The single test dose of cognac, scotch, and tequila elicited responding different from that of the training dose of ethanol. Thus, the pharmacological effects of ethanolic beverages containing the same dose of ethanol (1600 mg/kg) may be noticeably different to some subjects. Blood levels of ethanol produced by the different beverages may be an important variable. There was no differential effect of the beverages upon free-feeding behavior of the monkeys at the time of testing. Ethanol preference tests conducted at the end of the study (i.e., after nearly 2 years of drug discrimination training) indicated that the assignment of ethanol as the condition under which food pellets were available (SD condition) moderately increased the ethanol preference of those subjects as compared to monkeys for whom ethanol had served as the S delta condition.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1981

Exposure of rats to alcohol in utero alters drug sensitivity in adulthood.

Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (ethanol, 3 grams per kilogram) twice daily throughout gestation. Control animals received solutions of isocaloric sucrose. At birth, offspring were placed with untreated surrogate dams. Beginning at 6 months of age, the offspring were tested for their thermogenic responsiveness to various drugs and to cold. Prenatal exposure to alcohol resulted in tolerance to alcohol and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital and diazepam but did not affect responsiveness to cold. This pattern of effects suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol produces specific long-term effects on the neural mechanisms underlying drug tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of beer, wine, whiskey, and ethanol on pregnant rats and their offspring.

Pregnant rats were intubated twice daily throughout gestation with the equivalent of 3 gm/kg of alcohol in the form of either beer, wine, whiskey, or 95% ethanol. Control animals received vehicle. All animals were pair-fed to those receiving ethanol. Offspring were removed from their biological mothers immediately following birth and were nursed by nondrug-treated mothers. Animals in each of the four alcohol-treated groups weighed significantly less than the animals in the control group at birth and at 22 days of age and also performed significantly worse on a Rotarod at 17 days; differences among the four alcohol-treated groups were not significant for any of these measures. Results suggest that congeners present in these alcohol beverages do not potentiate the effects of alcohol on embryonic/fetal development in rats administered this alcohol dose.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Behavioral teratology of alcoholic beverages compared to ethanol.

Pregnant rats were intubated with beer, wine, whiskey, or ethanol (3 g/kg/day), twice daily, while control animals received an isocaloric solution. All animals were pair-fed to ethanol-treated animals. At birth, offspring were fostered to surrogate nondrug-treated dams. Congeners present in beverage alcohol did not exacerbate the effects of ethanol exposure. Ethanol-treated animals were less responsive than controls to a challenge dose of ethanol. Beer- and whiskey-treated animals were also less responsive than controls to ethanol challenge, but did not differ from ethanol-treated animals. Group differeces in Rotarod behavior, ambulation, rearing, or defecation in the activity box, activity wheel running, spontaneous alternation, and brain DNA, RNA, and protein content were not significant. Although beer-treated males performed better on the Rotarod than controls, beer-treated males did not differ significantly from controls on any other task.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMed1981

Critical periods for marihuana-induced intrauterine growth retardation in the rat.

Pregnant rats were intubated with marihuana extract (20, 200 mg/kg) throughout gestation. Control animals were intubated with vehicle (olive oil). Control animals and animals treated with the lower dose of drug were pair-fed and pair-watered to animals treated with the high dose. At parturition, pups were counted, weighed, culled, and assigned to nondrug-treated dams. Marihuana reduced food and water consumption and maternal weight gain. Pup weight at birth was reduced and neonatal mortality was increased in offspring exposed during the third week of gestation or throughout gestation. Litter size, postnatal mortality and weight at weaning were not significantly affected.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Human pulmonary resistance: effect of frequency and gas physical properties.

We have investigated a new technique that could be specific for detecting small airway diseases. We measured resistance in nine subjects, evaluating the effect of breathing 80% He-20%O2, air, and 80% SF6-20% O2 at different flow rates (0.25--1.01 l/s) and frequencies (4--12 Hz). To test the sensitivity and specificity of this new technique, we used intravenous histamine infusion to cause peripheral constriction. During histamine infusion six of nine subjects showed the following changes: 1) dynamic compliance decreased; 2) subjects developed frequency dependence of compliance, and 3) there was no significant change in pulmonary resistance or Rrs (respiratory resistance) at 4 Hz. These data suggested a time-constant discrepancy in the periphery due to histamine infusion. These six subjects also developed frequency dependence of resistance (delta Rrs from 4 to 12 Hz), which was significant when breathing air (-22 +/- 6%) and maximal when we used He-O2 (-32 +/- 3%). We conclude that He-O2 can improve the specificity of frequency dependence of Rrs for detecting events occurring in the peripheral airways.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Suture granulomas simulating tumors: a preventable postgastrectomy complication.

Suture granulomas can occur after gastric surgery with nonabsorbable suture material. They are usually an asymptomatic, incidental finding on post-surgical x-ray studies, but have to be recognized because their radiological appearance may mimic gastric neoplasms and therefore may lead to unnecessary reoperations. Four cases of suture granulomas are presented, their diagnostic criteria outlined, and a plea is made for the use of a new completely absorbable suture material which could eliminate the occurrence of suture granulomas as well as the other known complications related to nonabsorable sutures, such as suture-line ulcers, abscesses, and adhesions.

Aged↗