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Biomedical subjects

R C Baselt

Publications and source records attributed to R C Baselt.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Eye malformations in rats: induction by prenatal exposure to nickel carbonyl.

Exposure of pregnant rats to inhalation of nickel carbonyl on days 7 or 8 of gestation frequently causes the progeny to develop ocular anomalies, including anophthalmia and microphthalmia. The incidence of extraocular anomalies is very low. The specificity of nickel carbonyl for induction of ocular anomalies in rats appears to be unique among known teratogenic agents.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

CSF phencyclidine.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1977

Comparisons of antidotal efficacy of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, D-penicillamine and triethylenetetramine upon acute toxicity of nickel carbonyl in rats.

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, D-penicillamine, and triethylene-tetramine were administered to rats by im injection in dosages equivalent to 0.6 times their respective LD50 values in order to compare their relative effectiveness in prevention of death caused by exposure for 15 min to inhalation of nickel carbonyl (1.4 or 4.2 mg Ni (CO)4/liter of air). When the three drugs were administered to groups of rats at 10 min before or after the exposure to nickel carbonyl, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was the most effective antidote. In contrast, then the drugs were administered at 6 hr after exposure to nickel carbonyl, D-penicillamine was the most effective antidote. Based upon the combined results of 4 sets of experiments, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and D-penicillamine were significantly more effective than triethylenetetramine. The authors recommend that sodium diethyldithio-carbamate should remain the chelating agent of choice for therapy of nickel carbonyl poisoning. If sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is not available or if its use is contraindicated, D-penicillamine might be considered as an alternative chelating agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Rapid fluorometric analysis of unbound salicylate in whole blood.

A method has been developed for the analysis of unbound salicylate by membrane cone ultrafiltration of either whole blood or plasma with quantitation by spectrofluorometry. The method was used to study the distribution of salicylate in whole blood over a wide range of concentrations. It was found that at a concentration of 50 ug/ml in whole blood only 9% of the salicylate is present as free drug in the plasma water, while at a concentration of 500 ug/ml, 23% is free. At concentrations exceeding 500 ug/ml the plasma protein binding sites appear to be fully satrated since the free drug concentration increases linearly with respect to the whole blood concentration. Changes in hematocrit have a relatively minor effect on the ultrafiltrate salicylate concentration. The blood/plasma salicylate concentration ratio was found to vary widely over the blood salicylate range studied, 50-1000 ug/ml.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene tissue concentrations in fatalities associated with propoxyphene hydrochloride and propoxyphene napsylate.

Propoxyphene and its major metabolite norpropoxyphene have been determined in blood and liver in 29 cases of death in which propoxyphene, either as the hydrochloride or as the napsylate salt, was involved. The use of propoxyphene napsylate (Darvon-N) contributed to the deaths of 4 persons, 3 of whom were former heroin addicts receiving large amounts of this drug in connection with propoxyphene substitution programs. In the majority of cases the norpropoxyphene blood concentrations exceed the propoxyphene concentrations, although brain determinations in several instances indicate that norpropoxyphene does not cross the blood-brain barrier with the same ease as propoxyphene. On the basis of the comparative toxicities of propoxyphene and norpropoxyphene in animals and the high tissue concentrations of norporpoxyphene in man after propoxyphene administration, it is conceivable that norpropoxyphene contributes to the toxic effects of propoxyphene.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Blood codeine concentrations in fatalities associated with codeine.

The toxicologic findings in eight cases of death due primarily to codeine overdosage are presented. Blood codeine concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 5.6 mug/ml as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Morphine was found in only two of the blood samples, at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.6 mug/ml, and may have resulted from heroin usage rather than codeine metabolism. A case of death of a codeine user by violent means is also presented in which the blood codeine concentration was 2.6 mug/ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Acute heroin fatalities in San Francisco. Demographic and toxicologic characteristics.

The mortality rate due to heroin overdosage in San Francisco has increased dramatically since 1968 and now stands as one of the highest in the United States. While the numbers of heroin fatalities in many eastern United States cities have declined substantially in the past few years, the figures for San Francisco and the other West Coast areas continue to increase. The group of heroin overdose victims from the 1970 through 1973 period is more predominantly Caucasian and younger than from the 1963 through 1965 period. In nearly all of the victims, the presence of morphine (a heroin metabolite) was noted in bile or urine, and in about half the results of blood alcohol tests were positive. Measurement of blood morphine concentrations in the victims showed no significant difference from the concentrations noted in a control group of heroin addicts dying from causes other than overdosage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Confirmation of LSD intoxication by analysis of serum and urine.

Serum and urine specimens of 31 patients with suspected lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) intoxication were analyzed for LSD by both radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The RIA assay, using 0.1 ng/mL as the limit of detection instead of the manufacturer's recommendation of 0.5 ng/mL, was positive for LSD in 13 blood and urine specimens from 14 patients. Results were compared to HPLC analysis using methysergide instead of lysergol as the internal standard and a limit of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. HPLC detected LSD in 9 of 13 serum specimens and 11 of 13 urine specimens that had tested positive by RIA. Of 18 patients with a final clinical diagnosis of LSD intoxication, LSD was detected by RIA in 14 patients and by HPLC in 11 patients. For 13 other cases in which the final diagnosis was a condition other than LSD intoxication, serum and urine assays for LSD were negative in all cases by both techniques. LSD assays have not been generally available in clinical laboratories. We conclude that the qualitative determination of LSD in either serum or urine by a commercially available radioimmunoassay has made it possible to provide reliable laboratory confirmation of LSD intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the dermal absorption of cocaine.

A 5-mg dose of cocaine free base applied to the volar forearm skin surface of a volunteer resulted in a maximal urinary benzoylecgonine concentration of 55 ng/mL at 48 h, using discrete urine specimens. A total of 58 micrograms of benzoylecgonine, representing 1.2% of the dose, was excreted in the 96-h urine. An identical trial using 5 mg of cocaine hydrochloride resulted in a maximal urinary benzoylecgonine concentration of 15 ng/mL at 24 h. We conclude that dermal absorption of cocaine represents a minor, but significant route of exposure to this drug that needs to be considered when interpreting low-level urine drug testing results.

Adult↗