We report our extended clinical experience with the use of an immunochemical method for LD-1 assay in 260 unselected, consecutive patients admitted with the clinical suspicion of recent myocardial infarction (M.I.). We determined on every patient total creatine kinase (CK) and total lactate dehydrogenase (LD) enzyme activity, and performed electrophoresis for LD isoenzymes as well as the heart-specific band of creatine kinase (CK-MB). An immunochemical assay for the heart-specific isoenzyme of LD (LD-1) was also performed. The timing of the samples was determined by the clinicians according to routine clinical protocols in the coronary care units. The diagnosis was based on the usual combination of clinical, electrocardiographic (EKG) and laboratory findings, and was arrived at independently by the clinician. In this extended series, the overall efficiency of the immunochemical LD-1 assay for the proper classification of the patients according with the discharge diagnosis was 92%. For CK-MB it was 90%, for EKG 77% and for LD electrophoresis 76%. The immunochemical LD-1 assay required no special instruments or highly skilled technicians and is probably the method of choice for the stat evaluation of recent M.I.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Ex vivo hemodialysis culture of microbial and mammalian cells.

A small hemodialysis culture unit was developed which can be attached to an arterial-venous shunt and worn by an animal for days. The unit consists of a blood channel separated by a membrane from a dialysate chamber in which microbial or mammalian cells can be cultured. Bacterial multiplication proceeded first exponentially at the maximal rate and then arithmetically at a lesser, dialysis-limited rate. In a survey of 16 pathogenic microorganisms and five types of mammalian cell, results indicated that most of the aerobes grew well, but none of the obligate anaerobes grew at all. The separation of the culture from cellular and macromolecular host defense mechanisms allowed the cultivation of parasitic cells on an animal that was not naturally susceptible.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1977

Synergism of penicillin and gentamicin against Listeria monocytogenes in ex vivo hemodialysis culture.

A new technique of ex vivo hemodialysis culture was used to study the effects against Listeria monocytogenes of penicillin G and gentamicin administered intra-muscular, singly and in combination, in the goat. Bactericidal synergism of the combination was detected despite rapidly diminishing concentrations of the drugs in the blood plasma and dialysate.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Exteriorized carotid-jugular shunt for hemodialysis of the goat.

A surgical technique was developed for the establishment of a permanent exteriorized artificial shunt between a carotid artery and a jugular vein of a goat. The shunt allowed continuous hemodialysis with an artificial kidney for hours or a prosthetic unit for days and intermittent experimental use of the animal for months.

Animals↗

PubMed1974

Hemodialysis culture of Serratia marcescens in a goat-artificial kidney-fermentor system.

Hemodialysis was employed to simulate in vivo conditions for growth in mammalian blood, but without phagocytosis, by using the goat and Serratia marcescens as a host-parasite model. The blood stream was shunted surgically via prosthetic tubing from a carotid artery through the hollow-fiber membranes in an artificial kidney hemodialyzer and back into a jugular vein. The dialysate solution concurrently was pumped from a modular fermentor through the hemodialyzer jacket outside of the membranes and back into the fermentor. Hemodialysis between the two circuits was maintained continuously. When equilibrium was attained, bacteria inoculated into the dialysate circuit multiplied first exponentially at the maximal rate and then arithmetically at a lesser rate equally well under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. When a population of about 10(9) viable bacteria/ml was exceeded, the goat reacted acutely with signs of general toxemia, pyrexia, and leukopenia, apparently because of dialyzable toxic material produced by the culture. The maximal molecular size of the toxic material was defined relative to a rigid globular protein of 15,000 in molecular weight and 1.9 nm in hydrodynamic radius or to a flexible fibrous polyglycol of 5,500 in molecular weight and 2.6 nm in hydrodynamic radius, based on determinations of the membrane porosity threshold for dialysis.

Aerobiosis↗