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Biomedical subjects

R C Burgess

Publications and source records attributed to R C Burgess.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Movement-related potentials associated with bilateral simultaneous and unilateral movements recorded from human supplementary motor area.

To clarify the differences of movement-related potentials (MRPs) among ipsilateral, contralateral and simultaneous bilateral movements, MRPs with finger, thumb or foot movements were recorded from subdural electrodes chronically implanted on the supplementary motor area (SMA) in 3 patients, and also from the primary sensorimotor area in two of them being evaluated for epilepsy surgery. As a result: (1) SMA generated clear pre-movement potentials regardless of the type of movement. Its amplitude was almost identical between contralateral and bilateral movements except for the motor potential (MP). The pre-movement potentials associated with ipsilateral movements were relatively smaller than those with contralateral or bilateral movements. (2) The primary sensorimotor area generated clear pre-movement potentials in contralateral and bilateral movements with similar amplitude. With ipsilateral hand movements, however, only a small Bereitschaftspotential (BP) and no negative slope (NS') or MP was seen, and ipsilateral foot movements were not preceded by any BP. It is, therefore, most likely that, as far as the preparation for simple voluntary self-paced movement is concerned, the SMA plays an equally important role in unilateral and bilateral movements, whereas the primary sensorimotor area is involved predominantly in the preparation of contralateral movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Generator locations of movement-related potentials with tongue protrusions and vocalizations: subdural recording in human.

Movement-related potentials (MRPs) associated with tongue protrusions and vocalizations were recorded from chronically implanted subdural electrodes over the lower perirolandic area in 7 patients being evaluated for epilepsy surgery. In 3 patients, tongue protrusions elicited a clearly defined, well localized slow negative Bereitschaftspotential (BP) at the motor tongue area, and a positive BP at the sensory tongue area. At the motor tongue area the negative BP was followed by a negative slope (NS') and a motor potential (MP), and at the sensory tongue area the positive BP and a positive reafferent potential (RAP) were seen but no NS' and MP could be identified. In the other 4 patients, tongue protrusions elicited positive BP, NS' and MP at the motor and sensory tongue area, and positive RAP at the sensory area. It was concluded that BPs, NS' and MPs are mainly generated in the motor cortex involving the crown as well as the anterior bank of the central fissure. The sensory cortex (areas 3a and 3b) also participated in the generation of BPs but to a lesser degree. Different degree of involvement of these multiple generators most likely explains the interindividual variability of polarity and distribution of the MRPs. RAPs most likely arise from primary sensory areas 1 and 2. Brain potentials were also recorded at the motor (2 patients) and sensory (2 patients) language areas, but no specific language-related potentials could be identified. Evoked potentials to lip stimulation were investigated in 4 patients. In 3 patients, the responses at the sensory tongue area (P16, N21 and P30) had the same latency but opposite polarity to those at the motor tongue area. In the other patient, the responses (P16, N21 and P30) at the motor and sensory tongue areas were of the same polarity. The MRPs to tongue protrusions in those 4 patients revealed the same polarity relationship between the pre- and postcentral potentials. However, the maximal amplitude of evoked potentials and MRPs was seen at almost the same electrodes, suggesting that the main generators for these MRPs and evoked potentials must be located at contiguous areas in the anterior and posterior bank, respectively, of the central fissure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Delayed high median neuropathy after supracondylar humeral fracture. A case report and review of the literature.

Compression neuropathy of the median nerve around the elbow is an uncommon yet well-recognized clinical entity. Acute compression can occur after trauma to the elbow, whereas prolonged compression neuropathy usually involves compression under a normal or aberrant anatomic structure. The authors present a case of severe median nerve compression neuropathy above the elbow that occurred several months after a supracondylar humeral fracture in a previously asymptomatic adolescent with aberrant soft tissue anatomy.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Polymerase chain reaction amplification of herpes simplex viral DNA from the geniculate ganglion of a patient with Bell's palsy.

Bell's palsy is the most common cause of facial paralysis. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex viral type 1 (HSV-1) genomic DNA in the geniculate ganglion of a patient who had Bell's palsy. This association suggests that in this patient, HSV-1 may have caused Bell's palsy. If HSV-1 is a cause of Bell's palsy, treatment with acyclovir may be beneficial. Additional studies should be done to establish the prevalence of HSV-1 as an etiologic agent of Bell's palsy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Movement-related potentials associated with single and repetitive movements recorded from human supplementary motor area.

To clarify the differences of movement-related potentials (MRPs) between single and repetitive movements, MRPs with finger movements were recorded from subdural electrodes chronically implanted on the supplementary motor area (SMA) in 2 patients, and MRPs with foot movements were recorded simultaneously from the SMA and the primary motor foot area in 1 patient. Repetitive movements did not elicit larger pre-movement potentials in the SMA as compared with single movements in all 3 patients. In the negative motor area, where electrical stimulation elicited inhibitory responses of voluntary movements and which is located at the rostral part of the SMA, pre-movement potentials to either single or repetitive movements were of approximately equal amplitude in 1 out of 3 patients. It is, therefore, most likely that the SMA plays an equally significant role in preparation for single and repetive voluntary movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tumor necrosis factor and chemotherapeutic agents. Potentiation of cytotoxicity with interferon gamma.

This study examined combinations of the recombinant human cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, with doxorubicin and dactinomycin as well as other drugs on six squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of head and neck origin using the 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide proliferation assay. Interferon gamma significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor alpha with dactinomycin on all six cell lines investigated, while in four of six cell lines the cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor alpha with doxorubicin was significantly augmented by interferon gamma. Additional experiments showed no effect with either cytokine in combination with cisplatin, fluorouracil, methotrexate, or etoposide. These data demonstrate that human recombinant cytokines in concert with certain drugs improve in vitro cytotoxicity and may have a potential for improving in vivo therapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Thermographic observations in unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome: report of 61 cases.

This study was undertaken to assess the sensitivity and specificity of thermographic diagnosis of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in a patient population large enough to permit meaningful statistical analysis. Sixty-one persons with clinical diagnoses of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome confirmed by electrodiagnostic examination and 40 symptom-free volunteers underwent standard thermographic examinations. The thermographic images were then randomly sorted and interpreted by an experienced physician thermographer. Fifty-seven of the 61 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were found to have thermographic abnormalities, while only one of the control group was found to have such an abnormality. Individual area sensitivity was highest in the dorsal area, but addition of other regions increased this measure; specificity ranged between 98% and 100%. These findings would appear to confirm the value of thermography in the diagnosis of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Movement-related potentials recorded from supplementary motor area and primary motor area. Role of supplementary motor area in voluntary movements.

Movement-related potentials (MRPs) were recorded from subdural electrodes chronically implanted in the interhemispheric fissure in two patients being evaluated for epilepsy surgery. Different types of movements (finger, foot, tongue and vocalization) were executed. Foot movements elicited a clearly defined, well-localized slow negativity or positivity (Bereitschaftspotential, BP) preceding electromyogram (EMG) onset. These BPs were seen from the contralateral primary motor foot area and also from bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMAs) with equivalent amplitudes and temporal evolutions. A steeper potential [negative slope (NS')] occurred about 300 ms before EMG onset and the motor potential (MP) started 100 ms before EMG onset. Negative slopes and MPs also arose from the contralateral primary motor area as well as from the bilateral SMAs. Finger movements elicited well-localized BPs and NS' which were generated from the bilateral SMAs, but were of higher amplitude on the contralateral SMA. Motor potentials started 50 ms prior to EMG onset and arose exclusively from the contralateral SMA. Tongue protrusions and vocalizations also elicited BP, NS' and MP which were seen in the bilateral SMAs. Movement-related potentials for different types of movements had a somatotopic distribution in the SMA, which was consistent with the SMA somatotopic organization defined by electrical simulation. Movement-related potentials for tongue movements and vocalization had a similar distribution and waveform. It was concluded that bilateral SMAs generate well-defined MRPs consistent with the assumption that the SMA plays a significant role in the organization of voluntary movements. However, the MRPs from the bilateral SMAs do not have characteristics which are different from those of the primary motor area. This suggests the hypothesis of 'supplementary' function for SMA, and does not support the hypothesis of 'supramotor' function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Brachydactyly in acrosyndactyly.

Metacarpal and phalangeal length were determined in thirty-five patients with constriction band syndrome and acrosyndactyly. Shortening of the remaining phalanges is a consistent component of acrosyndactyly and gives additional functional disability.

Amniotic Band Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of brachydactyly and hand exostosis in hereditary multiple exostosis.

Forty-two radiographs and charts of twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of hereditary multiple exostosis and hand involvement were examined to determine the incidence of hand exostoses and association with brachydactyly. An average of 11.6 exostoses were found per hand. The proximal phalanges and metacarpals are affected in the majority of patients and the thumb and distal phalanges are rarely involved. Most exostoses were located in the juxtaepiphyseal region (61.8%) and typically involved less than 50% of the bone diameter. Brachydactyly can be seen in patients with hereditary multiple exostosis when no exostoses is present; however, the presence of an exostosis results in even more shortening. The location and size of the exostosis had no relationship to increased bone shortening. Operative treatment was required in four of twenty-two patients for debulking and impingement.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Immediate closure of traumatic upper arm and forearm injuries with the latissimus dorsi island myocutaneous pedicle flap.

This paper reports the authors' experience with latissimus dorsi island pedicle flaps in the acute treatment of massive arm injuries. Seven patients with upper arm injuries and four patients with forearm injuries were treated with latissimus dorsi pedicle flaps. All cases involved massive soft-tissue loss and open fractures. Primary healing of wounds occurred without complications in 10 of 11 patients; the eleventh developed a wound infection. There were no instances of flap loss or vascular complications. This report compares and discusses surgical management options and details the importance of robust, immediate soft-tissue coverage for optimal functional recovery. Contrary to traditional thought, delay in definitive wound closure may be unnecessary when aggressive debridement is followed by acute flap closure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome.

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 is an autosomal dominant variety of peripheral dysostosis. I have reviewed nine cases of this syndrome and have described two of these cases. I have also presented an extensive review of the literature.

Adolescent↗