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R C Cronkite

Publications and source records attributed to R C Cronkite.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Life circumstances and personal resources as predictors of the ten-year course of depression.

A 10-year naturalistic study of 313 patients who entered treatment for unipolar depression and a community comparison group of 284 nondepressed adults was conducted. We compared life stressors, social resources, personal resources, and coping among patients who were remitted (N = 76), partially remitted (N = 146), or nonremitted (N = 91). Compared with the controls and the remitted patients, the partially remitted and nonremitted patients consistently experienced more life stressors and fewer social resources, were less easygoing, and relied more on avoidance coping. A less easygoing disposition, fewer close relationships, and more reliance on avoidance coping were associated with higher odds of experiencing a course of partial remission or nonremission. In addition, more depressive symptoms and medical conditions predicted nonremission.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Family and extrafamily resources and the 10-year course of treated depression.

A group of 313 depressed patients and 284 controls was assessed at baseline (treatment intake for the patients) and at 1-year, 4-year, and 10-year follow-ups. Stably remitted patients achieved levels of family and extrafamily resources that were comparable with those of the controls. Although partially remitted and nonremitted patients' social resources improved, they continued to show deficits in these areas relative to controls and stably remitted patients. Several indexes of social resources predicted stable remission: more family independence, fewer family arguments and less conflict, and more helpful friends and activities with friends. Assessment of social resources at treatment intake and short-term follow-ups can help identify and provide intervention foci for patients at risk for nonremission of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Risk factors for sustained nonremission of depressive symptoms: a 4-year follow-up.

Previous studies have suggested that a considerable number of depressed patients suffer from sustained or repeated episodes of depressive symptoms. We developed a risk factor index based on data obtained at admission to treatment predicting sustained nonremission of depressive symptoms over 4 years for a sample of 370 unipolar depressed inpatients and outpatients. The six risk factors for sustained nonremitted depression are: less education, more severe initial depressive mood and ideation, secondary major depression, prior treatment, comorbid medical conditions, and fewer close relationships. These findings suggest that identification of these risk factors before selecting treatment type and intensity may improve long-term clinical outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Life stressors, social resources, coping, and the 4-year course of unipolar depression.

Little is known about the effects of psychosocial factors on the long-term course of unipolar depression. This article examines the 4-year stability and change in life stressors, social resources, and coping, and their effect on the course of treated unipolar depression among 352 men and women. Depressed patients were assessed at treatment intake and at 1-year and 4-year follow-ups. Over the 4 years, patients improved in symptom outcomes, the quality of social resources, and coping responses; there were some declines in life stressors. Life stressors, social resources, and coping were related to patient functioning concurrently, after controlling for demographics, initial treatment, and initial dysfunction severity. Preintake medical conditions and family conflict consistently predicted poorer long-term outcomes. The findings imply that medical conditions and family conflict are important risk factors that predict poorer long-term outcome of depression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Difficulty of follow-up and posttreatment functioning among depressed patients.

Evaluations of treatment outcome may obtain positively biased findings by failing to reassess patients who are difficult to follow and who may also be functioning more poorly than those who are successfully followed. We consider whether difficulty of follow-up is related to pre- and posttreatment functioning by reassessing 95% of a sample of 424 depressed patients after a 12-month interval. In contrast to earlier findings with other patient populations (e.g., alcoholic patients), there was no strong or consistent tendency for depressed patients who were more difficult to follow to be functioning more poorly after treatment. Moreover, poor functioning at treatment intake was not predictive of later difficulty of follow-up. However, patients who were younger, single, and of lower occupational level were somewhat more difficult to follow.

Adaptation, Psychological↗