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Biomedical subjects

R C Go

Publications and source records attributed to R C Go.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Sexual differences in lipoprotein composition in a family with dyslipidemic hypertension with premature atheroschlerosis: deficiency of high-density lipoprotein-L and high-density lipoprotein-M "apolipoprotein-I alone" particle.

This article describes a family with a high incidence of premature atherosclerosis and primary hypertriglyceridemia in the women. The lipoprotein composition of this family was investigated with a new methodology that combines gradient ultracentrifugation to isolate lipoprotein subfractions with high-performance liquid chromatography to quantitate apolipoproteins. The major lipoprotein abnormalities that were identified in the hyperlipidemic women in this family were (1) an increased mass of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) with triglyceriderich VLDL but normal IDL composition; (2) triglyceride-rich low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with normal cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations; (3) a relatively normal total mass of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-L and HDL-M but with a reduction in the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio and a decrease in the cholesterol to triglyceride ratio; (4) an elevation of HDL-D apolipoprotein A-I. The reduction in the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio was also seen in the hyperlipidemic men and in most of nonhyperlipidemic family members and was the most common lipoprotein abnormality that was identified in this family (9 of 11 family members who were not on lipid-lowering medications were affected). The hypertriglyceridemic women appeared to have an increase in the "A-I + A-II" HDL particles in all subfractions and an increase in the "A-I alone" particles in HDL-D. These increases provided the apparently normal total mass of HDL that was observed in these women. These increases in HDL were not seen in the hypertriglyceridemic men. We conclude that a deficiency of the "A-I alone" particle in HDL-L and HDL-M may contribute to the premature atherosclerosis that was seen in this family and that it appears to precede the appearance of hypertriglyceridemia. The increase in the "A-I + A-II" HDL particles did not appear to provide the same protection as would be expected from "A-I alone" HDL.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gestational diabetes mellitus among African-American women.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of poor outcomes for the pregnancy. It is a strong risk factor for subsequent diabetes. The epidemiology of GDM in African-American women is not well known. It has not been demonstrated that their risk factors are similar in character and weight to those among White women. There is considerable multicollinearity among GDM risk factors such as age, parity, obesity, hypertension, and family history of diabetes, and this needs to be sorted out. This review is based on the results of a nested case-control study to evaluate the frequency of, and the relationships of the known risk factors with, the onset of GDM among African-American women. All cases of GDM within a cohort of women seen at any of the county health department clinics in Jefferson County, Alabama from 1981 to 1987 were identified. The cohort represents approximately 63% of all African-American pregnancies in the county during the period. With few exceptions (5.1% based on fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 120 mg/dl), potential GDM cases (7.1%) were selected on the basis of a 2 h post 100 g carbohydrate meal screening plasma glucose measure at their second prenatal visit and again at 28-32 weeks greater than or equal to 115 mg/dl and diagnosed on the basis of the results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the criteria of O'Sullivan and Mahan. Women with any prior history of diabetes (even in pregnancy), 1.6%, were excluded. The frequency of the new diagnosis of GDM among African-American women in this pregnancy in the cohort was 2.5% of pregnancies and 3.4% of women, which is similar to the values reported in the other studies. Controls were selected from women with negative screening tests who delivered after a GDM subject. The results reported in this paper reflect 358 cases (86% of all eligible GDM cases identified) and 273 controls. Cases were significantly older (28.3 vs. 21.7 years), of higher gravidity (2.7 vs. 1.9), more obese (76.7 vs. 61.7 kg), gained weight more rapidly (0.34 vs. 0.28 kg/week), had more hypertension in this pregnancy (28.2 vs. 2.6%), and there was a higher proportion with a family history of diabetes (41.3 vs. 16.5%) (p less than 0.001 for all comparisons). Because there were significant correlations among the risk factors in both cases and controls, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between maternal serum zinc levels during pregnancy and birthweight.

A retrospective follow-up study to ascertain the relationship between the level of serum zinc and its rate of change during gestation and birthweight was conducted in 476 women of lower socioeconomic status. Serum zinc concentrations measured at approximately 16 (early) and 32 weeks (later) in gestation were both found to be significant predictors of birthweight. Even after controlling for gestational age at birth and other determinants of birthweight, for each microgram/dl increase in serum zinc early and later in pregnancy, birthweight increased by 5.8 and 8.6 g, respectively. Furthermore, after adjustment for initial zinc levels both the total change (beta = -7.0, P = 0.0007) and the rate of change (beta = -60.8, P = 0.007) in serum zinc during pregnancy were inversely associated with birthweight, i.e., the larger the fall in serum zinc during pregnancy, the smaller the infant. Low serum zinc level (less than 60 micrograms/dl) late in pregnancy was associated with greater than a five-fold increase in the odds (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.8, 16.4) of giving birth to a low birthweight infant. The results of this study suggest a threshold for maternal serum zinc below which the prevalence of low birthweight increases rapidly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Autoantibodies in black women with class A1 or class GB diabetes mellitus.

No marker except repeated fasting glucose determinations has proven useful to ascertain prospectively which women with gestational diabetes mellitus will remain euglycemic by diet modification or will require insulin therapy. We screened 183 black women with gestational diabetes mellitus to determine if the presence of islet cell, mitochondrial, nuclear, DNA, parietal cell, smooth muscle, thyroid microsomal, thyroid thyroglobulin autoantibodies, or rheumatoid factor predicted the need for insulin therapy to maintain euglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. One hundred forty-two women maintained normal fasting plasma glucose levels with dietary modifications and 41 required institution of split-dose insulin therapy. We found no significant differences in the prevalence of these autoantibodies in black women with Class GB versus Class A1 diabetes mellitus. We conclude that screening for autoantibodies in women with gestational diabetes mellitus is not useful in determining which patients will subsequently require insulin therapy during their pregnancies.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1991

Histocompatibility antigen subtypes in black women with class A1 or class GB diabetes mellitus.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased frequency of certain histocompatibility antigens located on chromosome six, the most common types being B-8, B-15, DR-3, DR-4, and DR-7. We therefore theorized that screening for these subtypes may allow the identification of those women with gestational diabetes who will remain euglycemic on dietary modification (class A1) compared with those who will require insulin to achieve euglycemia (class GB). From 1982 to 1987, 228 black women with gestational diabetes were screened for the above histocompatibility antigens. As theorized, certain histocompatibility antigen subtypes were more common in women with class GB gestational diabetes mellitus; DR-2 (41.8% versus 23.7% p = 0.015), B-15 (p = 0.07), and DR-3 (p = 0.08). However, because of the low sensitivity (42%), specificity (75%), and positive predictive value (36%), this test is impractical in the clinical management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Black People↗
PubMed1990

A positive association between maternal serum zinc concentration and birth weight.

A study was conducted on a cohort of 476 women (364 black, 112 white), who attended the Jefferson County Health Department clinic for their prenatal care, to ascertain the relationship between maternal serum zinc concentration measured early in pregnancy and birth weight. For all subjects maternal serum zinc was significantly related to birth weight after various independent determinants of birth weight were controlled for. The data in this study indicate a threshold for maternal serum zinc concentration below which the prevalence of low birth weight increases significantly. Pregnant women who had serum zinc concentrations in the lowest quartile had significantly higher prevalence of low birth weight than did those mothers who had serum zinc concentrations in the upper three quartiles during pregnancy. These findings suggest that maternal serum zinc concentration measured early in pregnancy could be used to identify those women at higher risk of giving birth to a low-birth-weight infant.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Risk factors for gestational diabetes in black population.

In a long-term longitudinal study of gestational diabetes mellitus in Black women, risk factors that were identified were age, obesity, a family history of diabetes, and the presence of hypertension. Poor predictors were a history of a previous large-for-date infant, parity, and age at first pregnancy. The prevalence of smooth muscle and nuclear autoantibodies was higher in gestational diabetic subjects. Gestational diabetic subjects who required insulin for glycemic control were more obese, had a lower frequency of the Bf-F phenotype and a higher frequency of the Bf-F1 phenotype, and had a lower frequency of the type 2 allele at the polymorphic locus adjacent to the insulin gene. Restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms flanking the insulin and apolipoprotein A-I and C-III genes, although not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus, may be associated with hyperlipidemia and subsequent atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Possible linkage between alpha-haptoglobin (Hp) and depression spectrum disease.

Depression spectrum disease is an unipolar depressive illness in which at least one member of the family has unipolar depression and at least one other first degree relative has alcoholism and/or antisocial personality; using this definition, 14 depression spectrum disease families are studied. Assuming, among other things, that variability in age of onset is environmentally caused and lognormally distributed, segregation analysis shows that the data are compatible with the dichotomy of 'affected' versus 'not affected' being due to an autosomal dominant gene. A simple environmental hypothesis in which the transmission of the illness does not depend upon the parents' type could be rejected (p less than 0.001). Linkage analysis is performed by the method of maximum likelihood, taking the best fitting Mendelian model found in the segregation analysis. The results show virtually no evidence of linkage between depression spectrum disease and C3, but suggestive evidence (lod score = 1.03) of linkage between depression spectrum disease and alpha-haptoglobin (both these linkages were previously suggested by significant results in sib-pair analyses).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The malignancy of dementias.

Sruvival times were determined for 982 patients admitted over a ten-year period to the Geneva Psychiatric Clinic. Patients with dementia had one-third the life expectancy of controls. Among patients classed as having Alzheimer disease, the longest survival times were in those with neurofibrillary tangles involving the neocortex, while those lacking this anatomical abnormality had the shortest survival times. Except for women with Alzheimer disease, patients with dementia had less than 10% life expectancy from the time of their admission to the clinic compared to the life expectancy of Geneva's population.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Efficiency and robustness of pedigree segregation analysis.

Different pedigree structures and likelihoods are examined to determine their efficiency for parameter estimation under one-locus models. For the cases simulated, family size has little effect; estimates based on unconditional likelihoods are generally more efficient than those based on conditional likelihoods. The proposed method of pedigree analysis under a one-locus model is found to be robust in the analysis of nuclear families: skewness of the data and polygenic inheritance will not lead to the spurious detection of major loci unless they occur simultaneously, and together with a moderate amount of environmental correlation among sibs.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1977

Linkage relationships of Lp and Ag serum lipoproteins with 25 polymorphic markers.

Linkage relations of Lp and Ag serum lipoproteins with 25 polymorphic marker systems are examined in a large kindred of over 100 persons. The results indicate that Lp and ESD are probably closely linked and so the Lp locus may also be assigned to chromosome 13. No significant linkage is detected between Ag and the other marker systems.

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15↗
PubMed1977

Possible linkage between group-specific component (Gc protein) and pure depressive disease.

Genetic linkage was studied in pure depressive disease, a subgroup of unipolar depression defined by absence of familial alcoholism and/or antisocial personality. Rigorous research criteria were used for diagnosis and the diagnoses were made blind, i.e. without the knowledge of the genetic marker results. Under the assumptions of full penetrance and of all examined individuals' having passed the risk period, two out of eight families investigated showed a possibility of linkage, using the lod score method, with the Group-Specific Component (Gc protein) locus, one of the 17 polymorphic markers tested. The results, being based on a small amount of data, are presented as a hypothesis only; important possible implications of Psychiatry, however, indicate the desirability of testing the hypothesis.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1976

A linkage study of depression spectrum disease: the use of the sib-pair method.

Genetic linkage was studied in depression spectrum disease, a subgroup of unipolar depressive illness defined by presence of familial alcoholism and/or antisocial personality, using a version of the sib pair method of Penrose. Rigorous research diagnostic criteria were used and the diagnoses were made blind, i.e., without knowledge of the genetic marker results. Possibility of linkage was suggested (p less than 0.005) with the alpha-haptoglobin (alpha-Hp) and third complement component (C3) loci. However, the likelihood that these two markers are not on the same chromosome, and the limitations of the sib pair method, permit these findings to be treated as suggestive only and indicate that these two promising markers should be investigated further, using a more definitive method of linkage detection such as the lod score method.

Adolescent↗