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Biomedical subjects

R C Leonard

Publications and source records attributed to R C Leonard.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Immunoperoxidase staining of surface and intracellular immunoglobulin in human neoplastic lymphoid cells.

An immunoperoxidase technique for the optical microscopic detection of cellular immunoglobulin has been used to stain fixed smears of human neoplastic B lymphoid cells. Only four out of 28 cases of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) showed membrane labelling by this technique. In contrast, when 14 samples from other types of B lymphoproliferative disorder (including hairy cell leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and prolymphocytic leukaemia) were studied, all samples showed membrane immunoglobulin labelling (confirmed by capping experiments). This discrepancy was attributed to the greater density of surface immunoglobulin present on neoplastic cells in the latter group of disorders compared to CLL. This immunoperoxidase technique is therefore less sensitive than immunofluorescent staining of cells in suspension for the demonstration of neoplastic cell surface immunoglobulin. However, it offers a number of advantages (eg, excellent visualisation of cell morphology, permanence of stained preparations, and applicability to stored samples) which recommend it as the method of choice in certain clinical haematological contexts.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1979

Light chain isotype-associated suppression of normal plasma cell numbers in patients with multiple myeloma: Medical Research Council's Working Party for Leukaemia in Adults and the Oxford Lymphoma Group.

The number of plasma cells in the lamina propria of the gut has been assessed in patients with multiple myeloma and other B-cell neoplasms. The total number of these plasma cells was reduced in most patients with myelomatosis and one-third of patients with lymphoplasmacytoid tumours. This reduction was not, however, seen in patients with other neoplasms of B-cell origin, although hypogammaglobulinaemia was common to all groups of patients. The depletion of gut plasma cell numbers was not uniform in myelomatosis patients. They showed selective loss of plasma cells with the same light chain isotype as that produced by the neoplastic clone.

Cell Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lomustine, vindesine and bleomycin (LVB) used in the treatment of relapsed advanced Hodgkin's disease. A prospective study on behalf of the East of Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group (ESNLG).

Sixty-three patients with relapsed advanced Hodgkin's disease were treated with lomustine (CCNU), vindesine and bleomycin (LVB). Age range was 17-72 years, with 38 males and 25 females. Thirty patients achieved complete remission (CR) with a median duration of 24+ months (range 3-55). Nineteen continue in unmaintained CR. CR rates were highest for those patients who relapsed greater than 6 months after first line treatment and for those at second or subsequent relapse. CR rates were higher in those with nodal only relapse. Twenty-seven patients were non-responders and six were partial responders. These 33 patients were subsequently changed to alternative chemotherapeutic regimes and 26 failed to respond to any therapy and have since died. Only one patient is in unmaintained complete remission. The regimen was well tolerated by patients, and easy to administer. It produced no serious episodes of toxicity. We conclude that LVB is of value in the management of relapsed advanced Hodgkin's disease especially in chronic relapsing patients, and where relapse occurs greater than 6 months after the first line treatment. We are presently unsure whether it offers any advantage over reintroduction of first line treatment in the latter group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cisplatinum and prednimustine, an active regimen for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

80 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated for 6 months with cisplatinum and prednimustine following initial surgery. Response to treatment was assessed by second-look surgery. The objective response rate was 69% with 38% achieving a complete response for up to 55 months. The toxicity of this regimen was acceptable. Statistically, de-bulking or partial de-bulking had a significant beneficial effect on the likelihood of a complete response. The best survival figures were associated with maximum de-bulking. The combination of cisplatinum and prednimustine is a new and active regimen for operable advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allele loss on chromosome 11p is associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer.

RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis in 46 ovarian tumour and paired blood samples shows that 33 per cent (5/15) of informative carcinomas had loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 11p15.4 (Calcitonin locus) and 18% (4/22) had LOH at 11p15.5 (Ha-ras). No LOH was detected in five borderline and four benign ovarian tumours. Analysis of survival in the carcinoma group (37 patients) showed a significantly poorer survival in patients whose tumours showed LOH at either or both of these 11p loci (chi 2 = 7.771, p = 0.005). This suggests the presence of a tumour suppressor gene (tsg) on the short arm of chromosome 11 whose loss is associated with particularly aggressive disease.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serological monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Serum CA125 measurement has an established role in monitoring epithelial ovarian cancer patients, assisting in determining response to chemotherapy and providing a lead time to clinical relapse. Over the past few years there has been a decrease in the use of second-look laparotomy to determine response; however, this is largely due to the lack of impact that this procedure has on survival rather than the growing use of less invasive scanning techniques or CA 125 assay to determine disease status. The value of a marker lead time depends ultimately on a patient's remaining therapeutic options; the influence on survival of therapeutic intervention at pre-clinical diagnosis of relapse remains to be tested in a randomized controlled trial. The third area where CA 125 may help patient management is in predicting progression-free survival and overall survival. Treating patients with aggressive chemotherapy regimes would not be justified (given the deterioration in the quality of life for a period of months that may result from such therapy) if a poor outcome could be predicted. Deciding when to stop ineffective treatment is extremely difficult for the clinician given patients' desire for active therapy. The prognostic value of CA 125 needs to be further clarified before it can influence such treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to help clarify the role of CA 125 in patient management and to assess several other putative EOC markers, including determinants found on the polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM)--the most promising alternative marker protein to date.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗