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Biomedical subjects

R C Longshore

Publications and source records attributed to R C Longshore.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Nimodipine for treatment of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 10 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Dogs were included if seizures were inadequately controlled despite treatment with barbiturates and serum phenobarbital concentrations were > 25 micrograms/ml, if dogs had intolerable adverse effects when treated with barbiturates, or if dogs had mild, inadequately treated seizures. PROCEDURES: Dogs were treated with nimodipine (2.5 mg/kg [1.1 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 12 h), and other medications were slowly withdrawn. Dogs were monitored for seizure frequency and severity as well as any adverse effects to the medication. RESULTS: Few adverse effects were reported. Seizure control, however, was generally inadequate. All but 2 dogs were withdrawn from the study because of poor seizure control. Plasma nimodipine concentrations were low, with a mean peak concentration of 105.3 ng/ml. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Nimodipine was not successful in controlling seizures in dogs used in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Medical care of the neurosurgical patient.

Proper medical care before and after surgery play an important role in the overall care of patients requiring neurosurgery and will have an impact on the neurological recovery. Prevention of spinal cord destruction resulting from the cascade of events which occur secondary to central nervous system trauma is a critical part of a patient's preoperative care. High doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate given within the first 8 hours of trauma are currently recommended to provide protection to neural tissue after trauma. Other promising drugs for patients with spinal trauma, such as 21-aminosteroids and GM-1 gangliosides, may become available in the near future. Knowledge of potential complications after surgery and methods to prevent complications from occurring is an important part of the postoperative care of neurosurgical patients. This includes management of micturition and defecation dysfunction, management of postoperative pain, physical therapy to speed recovery, and providing good supportive care to the recumbent patient.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lactose intolerance in a calf.

Lactose intolerance was identified as the cause of bovine neonatal diarrhea. Glucose and xylose oral absorptions were normal whereas lactose absorption was reduced relative to normal calves. Lactase deficiency is common in people but rarely reported in animals. The treatment of whole milk with lactase alleviated the diarrhea.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dysautonomia in dogs: a retrospective study.

Dysautonomia was diagnosed in 11 young (median age, 14-months), predominantly medium- to large-breed dogs from 1988 to 1995. Clinical signs caused by autonomic dysfunction of the urinary, alimentary, and ocular systems were most common. Dysuria, mydriasis, absence of pupillary light reflexes, decreased tear production, dry mucous membranes, weight loss, and decreased anal tone were present in over 75% of affected dogs. Ocular pharmacological testing with a dilute (0.1%) solution of pilocarpine was used to demonstrate iris sphincter receptor function in all dogs. A low-dose (0.0375 mg/kg s.c.) bethanechol test and pharmacological testing with phenylephrine and epinephrine also demonstrated cholinergic and adrenergic receptor function in 4 dogs. All dogs died or were euthanized as a results of autonomic dysfunction. Neuronal depletion, with associated gliosis and minimal inflammation were noted histologically in the autonomic ganglia of each dog. The pelvic, ciliary, celiac, cranial cervical, and cranial and caudal mesenteric ganglia were affected in all dogs. The cause of autonomic failure in these dogs was not determined.

Animals↗