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Biomedical subjects

R C Rhodes

Publications and source records attributed to R C Rhodes.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of low-impact aerobic dance on the functional fitness of elderly women.

To determine the effect of low-impact aerobic dance on sedentary elderly women (N = 53), functional fitness was measured by items from the proposed American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) fitness test for older adults. After 12-weeks of low-impact aerobic dance, the group improved significantly on all functional fitness components except motor control/coordination, including cardiorespiratory endurance, strength/endurance, body agility, flexibility, body fat, and balance.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Ovarian 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate and prostaglandins: a sequential comparison of gonadotropin-stimulated events in small and large ovine follicles.

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates a cascade of ovarian hormonal events that culminate in ovulation. This study was designed to investigate, in sheep, sequential changes in prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the theca, granulosa and follicular fluid of large preovulatory follicles and small nonovulatory follicles in response to LH. On d 15 postestrus, preovulatory or nonovulatory follicles were injected intrafollicularly with saline or LH. Ewes were then ovariectomized at 0, 2, 4, or 8 h postinjection. Injected follicles were excised; theca, granulosa and fluid were separated, weighed and assayed for cAMP and PG. Contents of cAMP in the theca, granulosa and fluid of preovulatory follicles increased (P less than .01) 2 to 4 h after injection of LH. Increases (P less than .05) in contents of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in the theca and fluid of preovulatory follicles were observed between 4 and 8 h after injection of LH. The time courses of LH-induced synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in preovulatory follicles were parallel. Luteinizing hormone had no effect on PGE2, PGF2 alpha or cAMP in any compartment of small follicles. Contents of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha varied with time in both theca and granulosa of large and small, saline- and LH-injected follicles. Although specific increases in cAMP and PG followed an injection of LH only in large follicles, the parallel temporal relationship of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha did not explain the dichotomous functions ascribed to PGE2 and PGF2 alpha during the periovulatory period.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of Haemonchus contortus infections in sexually intact and ovariectomized ewes.

Three experiments were conducted to investigate experimentally the occurrence of periparturient nematode egg rise in ewes and the hormonal modulation of Haemonchus contortus infections. In the first experiment, fall-bred and winter-bred pregnant (n = 4 and 14, respectively) and nonpregnant (n = 5 and 29, respectively) ewes were treated with anthelmintic and were pastured together on fields that were contaminated with H contortus. Three weeks before lambing, all ewes were placed in concrete pens; fecal egg counts for the winter-bred group were obtained on alternate days. Pregnant and lactating ewes had significantly larger numbers (P less than 0.01) of H contortus eggs than did the nonpregnant controls 1 week before and after lambing. Lactating, fall-bred ewes had significantly (P less than 0.01) more adult worms in their abomasum through natural acquisition than the nonpregnant controls. In the second experiment, fall-bred and winter-bred, helminth-free, pregnant (n = 4 and 8, respectively) and nonpregnant (n = 3 and 15, respectively) ewes were inoculated on 5 alternate days, beginning 70 days after breeding with 20,000 infective H contortus larvae. The ewes were maintained on concrete pens throughout pregnancy. Fecal egg counts were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in pregnant ewes, beginning 1 week before lambing until 1 week after lambing. Abomasums of lactating ewes from both lambing seasons yielded significantly (P less than 0.01) more adult worms at necropsy than nonpregnant ewes. In the third experiment, ewes were ovariectomized (n = 15) or sham-operated (n = 9); half of the control ewes were bred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Unilateral orchidectomy of ram lambs: acute, chronic and hCG-stimulated androgen levels.

1. The objectives of this study were to determine whether compensation of androgen secretion occurred acutely, chronically or after hCG-stimulation in unilaterally orchidectomized (ULO) rams. 2. Testosterone (T) concentrations were not significantly different (P greater than 0.10) between ULO and sham-operated ram lambs during the period immediately following ULO. 3. Chronically, testosterone concentrations were not significantly different (P greater than 0.10) between ULO and sham-operated ram lambs. 4. After hCG injection, the testosterone response of chronic ULO ram lambs was approx. half the response of the sham-operated ram lambs. 5. These data indicate that a rapid and sustained compensatory response of basal secretion of testosterone but not hCG-inducible testosterone secretion occurred in the ULO'd ram lambs.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Metabolism of exogenous androgens in rams and wethers: differential clearance rates.

The effect of the presence of the testes on the clearance rates of 5 and 50 mg of testosterone and androstenedione was examined in 8-month old rams and wethers. Castration did not affect (P greater than 0.10) the clearance of androstenedione or testosterone at the 5 mg dosage. Castration had an effect (P less than 0.05) on the clearance of 50 mg of androstenedione and testosterone. These data indicate that reproductive status has a differential effect on the metabolism of exogenously administered steroids.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of oral administration of cortisol and metyrapone: the effects on serum cortisol in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

The effect of manipulating dietary levels of cortisol and metyrapone on peripheral concentrations of serum cortisol was examined in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Fish were fed 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg/kg body weight/day of metyrapone or cortisol for 7 days. All levels of cortisol tested increased peripheral levels of serum cortisol. Feeding a level of 30-40 mg/kg body weight/day of metyrapone depressed serum cortisol. We describe, herein, a noninvasive technique for suppression or stimulation of serum cortisol in rainbow trout.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the preovulatory rabbit follicle: role of prostaglandins and steroids.

The preovulatory increase in follicular prostaglandins (PG) stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) is dependent upon 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and is essential for ovulation. It has been proposed that follicular PG stimulate a second rise in cAMP, independent of LH. This study examined the temporal relationships among PGE2, PGF2 alpha 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione and the biphasic increases of cAMP in follicles of rabbits. Does received indomethacin (IN, 20 mg/kg, i.v.; n = 30) or phosphate buffer (C; n = 30), 0.5 h before 50 ug of LH. At laparotomy at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 8 h after LH, blood was collected from each ovarian vein and two follicles per ovary were aspirated of fluid and excised. Plasma and follicular tissue and fluid were assayed for PG and steroids. Tissue and fluid were assayed for cAMP. In C does, cAMP (pmol/follicle) in tissue increased from 11.3 at 0 h to 14.2 at 0.5 h, decreased at 1 h (5.4) and increased linearly through 8 h to 14.5. In IN-treated does, cAMP remained high from 0.5 (13.2) to 2 h (16.3), decreased at 4 h (7.9) then increased again by 8 h (15.5). Indomethacin decreased all PG in follicular tissue but 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose after 2 h, whereas PGE2 and PGF2 alpha did not. Estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, and androstenedione did not vary with treatment; testosterone was increased (P less than .05) by IN. PGE2 or PGF2 alpha may terminate the first phase of cAMP production, rather than initiate the second phase.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1984

Compensatory responses after unilateral ovariectomy in rabbits.

Compensatory ovarian and gonadotropic responses to unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) were examined in the rabbit doe, an induced ovulator. On Days 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 20 after ULO, ovaries from 3 hemiovariectomized does and 1 sham-hemiovariectomized doe were examined macro- and microscopically for number, size and signs of atresia of follicles. The number of surface follicles increased initially to 7 or 8 follicles 2 days after ULO, followed by an increase to 10 or more follicles by Day 15 (control ovaries had 5.7 +/- 0.4 follicles). Total numbers of antral follicles and the proportion of follicles which were atretic did not vary relative to day after ULO. However, distributions of antral follicles in classes of 0.2-mm increments were significantly different between sham-ovariectomized and hemiovariectomized does after Day 2 due to shifts of follicles into larger size classes. Peripheral serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), but not luteinizing hormone (LH), increased temporarily during the 48 h after ULO. Follicular compensation after ULO in the doe entailed nonlinear increases in numbers of preovulatory follicles, due to increased growth within the antral population of follicles, probably the result of an acute surge of FSH. A period of more than 10 days was necessary to restore the number of preovulatory follicles after ULO. Exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induced ovulation of recruited follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Identification of metabolites of hexazinone by mass spectrometry.

The metabolites of hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione ] obtained in the rat and in plants were identified by mass spectrometry. Rat urine metabolites were identified from direct probe spectra obtained on metabolites separated by thin-layer chromatography. Sugarcane metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives. The major metabolic routes were found to be hydroxylation of the cyclohexyl group and demethylation. All identifications were confirmed by synthesis and direct comparison of chromatographic data and mass spectra. Hexazinone is metabolized quickly and extensively in the biological systems studied, and is relatively nonpersistent in the environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of several biogenic amines on in vitro progesterone secretion by the bovine corpus luteum.

1. The effect of several biogenic amines on secretion of progesterone (P4) was examined using bovine corpora lutea (n = 6), removed on day 13 of the oestrus cycle, enzymatically dispersed and cultured in vitro. 2. Luteal cell cultures were co-incubated with 0, 10, 50 or 100 ng of luteinizing hormone (LH) and 50 ng of epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NOR), dopamine (DOPA), melatonin (MEL), N-acetyl-50H-serotonin (N-acetyl-50H-tryptamine; NacS), serotonin (50H-tryptamine; 5HT) or saline control. 3. EPI, NOR and DOPA decreased baseline release of P4. 4. The magnitude of the response of P4 to LH was depressed when cells were co-incubated with DOPA, EPI and 5HT and stimulated when cells were co-incubated with MEL and NacS. 5. These data indicate that the biogenic amines might modulate ovarian steroidogenesis supplementary to hypothalamic-hypophyseal hormonal mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of dietary monensin on th luteinizing hormone response of prepuberal heifers given a multiple gonadotropin-releasing hormone challenge.

Ten prepuberal Simmental X Brahman-Hereford heifers (average weight 208 +/- 4 kg) were randomly assigned to receive either 2.7 kg/head/day of ground milo containing 0 mg monensin sodium (C) or 2.7 kg/head/day of ground milo containing 200 mg monensin sodium (M). Both groups of animals (n = 5) received Coastal bermudagrass hay ad libitum throughout the trial. On day 21 of the feeding period all heifers were fitted with jugular cannulas. Immediately after cannulation, the heifers were injected IM with 100 microgram of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and blood was collected every 10 min for 4 hours. Four hours after the first GnRH challenge, a second 100-microgram GnRH injection was administered, and blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals for an additional 5 hours. Serum was stored at -20 C until radioimmunoassayed for luteinizing hormone (LH). The amount of LH released after each GnRH injection was greater in the heifers fed M than in the controls (P less than .05). Peak LH after the first GnRH challenge was greater (P less than .05) in heifers fed M than in controls. The area under th first GnRH induced LH curve tended (P less than .20) to be greater for the M group than for the controls. Peak LH concentration was greater in heifers fed M than in control heifers, as the duration (P less than .05) and area under the second GnRH-induced LH curve. In prepuberal heifers, dietary monensin appears to increase hypophyseal capability of releasing LH after a first and second GnRH challenge.

Animals↗