Evaluation of the cervical cancer control program in Cuba.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
R Camacho
Publications and source records attributed to R Camacho.
Human nasal mucosal changes after exposure to urban pollution.
Millions of people worldwide are living in areas where ozone (O3) concentrations exceed health standards (an hourly average of 235 micrograms/m3/0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year). Ozone induces acute nasal inflammatory responses and significant epithelial lesions in experimental animals and humans. To determine the nasal effects of a 15-day exposure to an urban polluted atmosphere with O3 as the main pollutant, we studied a population of healthy, young males newly arrived to southwest metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC). The study included 49 non-smoking residents in an unpolluted port, Veracruz City; 14 subjects stayed in the port and served as controls, while 35 subjects traveled to SWMMC and had serial nasal lavages at different times after arriving in SWMMC. Subjects had exposures to ambient O3 an average of 10.2 hr/day, with a total cumulative O3 exposure of 10.644 ppm.hr. Nasal inflammatory responses, polymorphonuclear leukocyte PMN-CD11b surface expression, rhinoscopic changes, and respiratory symptoms were evaluated. Exposed subjects had massive nasal epithelial shedding and significant responses in PMN nasal influx (p < 0.00001) and in PMN-CD11b expression (p < 0.05). Cumulative O3 exposure correlated with respiratory symptoms, PMNs (rs = 0.2374, p < 0.01), and CD11b (rs = 0.3094, p < 0.01); 94% of exposed subjects experienced respiratory symptoms, and 97% left the city with an abnormal nasal mucosa by rhinoscopy. Nasal epithelial changes persisted 2 weeks after the exposed subjects returned to their nonpolluted environment. Exposure to an urban polluted atmosphere induces significant and persistent nasal epithelial alterations in healthy subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Experimental pathogenicity of Sporothrix schenckii preserved in water (Castellani).
Five strains of Sporothrix schenckii preserved in sterile distilled water were found morphologically stable, viable and pure after a period ranging from 16 to 13 years, in the mycology section culture collection from the Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Each strain was inoculated into the testes of 3 hamsters. All the animals developed disseminated sporotrichosis.
Animals↗
The dendritic trees of Purkinje cells: a computer assisted analysis of HRP labeled neurons in organotypic cultures of kitten cerebellum.
Purkinje cell dendritic arborizations were studied in HRP intracellularly stained mature neurons grown during 30-50 days in organotypic cerebellar cultures from newborn kittens. The effects of afferent fiber depletions on the final dendritic topological parameters were investigated by computer assisted methods. Three differently deafferented models lacking both parallel and climbing fibers (PF and CF), only PF or only CF were thus studied. Qualitative data were found to be common to these 3 in vitro models and similar to those following other in vivo deafferenting procedures. Quantitative data obtained from 16 measurable parameters showed that all dendritic trees were markedly reduced in size as indicated by a decrease in total dendritic length and total number of segments although in all models individual segment lengths remained largely unaltered. A discriminant analysis permitted the recognition of 3 populations (100% well classified cells) based on 3 selected variables: dendritic field area, mean path length and total number of segments (with the lowest values for the model lacking only PF). These results are shown to lend further support to the role played in the final dendritic arrangement by both intrinsic (non-discriminant) and extrinsic (discriminant) factors and more precisely by the two distinct specific afferent systems (PF and CF).
Afferent Pathways↗
Failure of endoscopic transmission of hepatitis B.
Emergency endoscopy was performed on two patients subsequently found to be hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. Before their carrier state was determined, nine other patients underwent endoscopy using the same instruments, which had been routinely cleaned between procedures. These patients were all notified within five days of the incident, given standard gamma globulin, and prospectively followed for the development of hepatitis. After one of the endoscopes was gas sterilized, the next three patients undergoing endoscopy were also followed. One of the hepatitis B surface antigen carriers was positive for antibody to e antigen; the other carrier had neither e antigen nor antibody. None of these individuals developed signs or symptoms of hepatitis, abnormal serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase elevations, or serologic evidence of hepatitis B exposure. From these data, and other recorded experiences, it appears that routine cleansing of endoscopy equipment is sufficient in preventing the transmission of hepatitis B.
Endoscopes↗
Cimetidine versus intensive antacid therapy for duodenal ulcer: a multicenter trial.
In a randomized double blind multicenter trial, patients treated with cimetidine (800 or 1200 mg daily) or an intensive regimen of Al-Mg antacid (210 ml daily) had similar rates of duodenal ulcer healing and pain relief. After 4 weeks of treatment, the proportion of patients with ulcer healing by endoscopy were: cimetidine (1200 mg), 21 of 33 (64 percent); cimetidine (800 mg), 19 of 32 (59 percent); and antacids, 15 of 29 (52 percent). These proportions did not differ significantly. Eighty per cent of cimetidine-treated patients became asymptomatic by week 4, as did 63 percent of antacid-treated patients (P greater than 0.1). No untoward effects were observed during cimetidine treatment. Twenty-seven per cent of antacid-treated patients reported diarrhea.
Adult↗
Study of the adrenocortical reserve function in paediatric cholera patients.
The adrenocortical reserve function of 20 cases of paediatric cholera was studied by intravenous ACTH tests. The findings indicate the presence of adrenocortical hyperactivity, and the poor response to ACTH stimulation shows that the adrenocortical reserve in these cases had been already stimulated to the maximum extent by salt depletion at the time of admission. These findings do not support the value of adrenocortical hormone treatment in cholera.
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction↗
Maternal nutrition and family planning.
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Anemia↗
[Diagnostic yield of various urine tests in urinary tract infections].
OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the value of pyuria and bacteriuria by high-power field (hpf) in centrifuged urine and of tests with reactive strips for determining leukocyte estearase activity and nitrites in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). 2. To establish the ideal cut-off point for these tests. DESIGN: Comparative survey. SETTING: Second level health care unit of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 105 patients were prospectively studied, with or without urinary symptoms, seen in the emergency ward. MEASUREMENTS: A clinical history and physical exploration was done in each patient. A urine sample was used for microscopic analysis for determining leukocytes and bacteria using hpf microscopy; the urine leukocytes count was assayed as well as leukocyte estearase and nitrites using reactive strips. All samples were subjected to urine culture. Urine samples were obtained using a Nelaton probe in 65% of the patients and the rest using the midstream urination technique. RESULTS: Forty patients (38%) were identified as UTI cases based on clinical and laboratory criteria (urine culture and leukocyte count). The best cut-off point for number of leukocytes was 8 per hpf and for bacteriuria it was 2+ per hpf and for leukocyte estearase it was 1+. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of the pyuria hpf, bacteriuria by hpf and leukocyte estearase by reactive strip were comparable. The nitrites had a lower sensitivity than the other tests (p < 0.05). The negative predictive value of the nitrites was less than the microscopic bacteriuria (74% vs 85%, p = 0.005). The combination of positive tests in leukocytes and bacteriuria increased the specificity and the positive predictive value (99% and 96% respectively) when compared to the individual tests. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic performance of leukocyte estearase by reactive strips was similar to the microscopy of leukocytes and bacteria but the nitrite test had a lower performance. The combination of the leukocytes and bacteriuria measured by hpf appears to be very useful in the diagnosis of UTI.
Adolescent↗