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Biomedical subjects

R Carrow

Publications and source records attributed to R Carrow.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Problem-based anatomy for surgical residents.

Graduating medical students who enter surgery residencies frequently have limited anatomic experiences during their undergraduate training. Throughout the 5 years of surgical training residents are exposed to the anatomy as it relates to the operative procedures performed. Frequently, however, many of the complex anatomic areas of the body escape the experience of a surgery resident in training. The American Board of Surgery requires that surgeons have comprehensive experience with problems located in the head and neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities. In an effort to provide an experience in the critical anatomic areas, the Michigan State University (MSU) Integrated General Surgery Residency developed a problem-based anatomy course that focuses on some of the most difficult anatomic areas in which surgeons are expected to provide lifesaving procedures.A program was developed that would present a series of clinical scenarios focusing on critical anatomic approaches and related structures in the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum, upper extremity, and lower extremity. The program involved 61 individual clinical scenarios, each requiring specific dissections. The course is directed by a surgeon and anatomist, with the discussion focused entirely on surgical approaches, related anatomic structures, and the options of therapy. The course has been taught for 4 years with great success. The program is now being extended to all affiliated general surgery residencies in the MSU system.A problem-based anatomy course has been developed that addresses many of the complex anatomic areas in which surgeons are expected to provide safe operative intervention. A problem-based approach has provided opportunities for surgical residents to consider operative approaches necessary to perform procedures in a safe, competent manner. The success of this approach would lend credence to expanding its utility to other specialties and even medical student training. (Curr Surg 57:377-380. Copyright 2000 by the Association of Program Directors in Surgery.)

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Cardiac carnitine acyltransferase activities in exercised normal and dystrophic hamsters.

Carnitine acyltransferase activities in the hearts of normal and dystrophic, sedentary and swim exercised hamsters were studied, in order to analyze the relationship between carnitine metabolism and exercise in cardiomyopathy. After 12 weeks, the mean specific activities of cardiac carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT), carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) were significantly higher in the dystrophic sedentary group, relative to the normal sedentary group (p less than 0.05). There was no significant effect of exercise on the mean specific activity of the carnitine acyltransferases, compared to the dystrophic or normal sedentary controls. Thus, the improvements in cardiac histopathology due to exercise noted previously are not associated with altered carnitine acyltransferase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Separate and simultaneous effects of aerobic exercise and anxiety on myocardial damage in the rat.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various programs of physical activity on anxiety-related myocardial damage in rats. The anxiety-producing stress consisted of randomly distributed applications of a disturbing but nonpainful electrical shock. Physical activity consisted of long-duration, low-speed running. Three hundred and seventy-five male albino rats were randomly assigned to five comparison groups. The results show that the anxiety treatment produced marked myocardial damage. Animals preconditioned by eight weeks of exercise prior to the introduction of the anxiety treatment did not suffer as much myocardial damage as did animals that were not preconditioned. However, a group in which exercise and anxiety were introduced simultaneously had the highest incidence of myocardial necrosis. We conclude that aerobic exercise can modify the effects of a subsequent or simultaneous anxiety-producing stressful situation on the myocardium of the laboratory rat. The time at which the exercise is imposed determined the nature of the effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of swimming on dystrophic Syrian hamster heart.

Morphological and histopathological heart changes were determined for sixteen dystrophic Syrian hamsters (B10 14.6 strain) and sixteen normal hamsters. Eight animals were randomly assigned to each of the following groups: dystrophic swim (DYS-SWM), dystrophic sedentary (DSY-SED), normal swim (NOR-SWM), and normal sedentary (NOR-SED). The daily swimming program consisted of an initial 30-minute swim which was gradually extended to 60 minutes by the end of eight weeks. Weights up to 3% body weight were attached during swimming to increase the work load. Sedentary animals received no experimental treatment. Four animals in each group were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatments. In comparison with the two groups of sedentary animals, the NOR-SWM group had a greater heart weight/body weight ratio at both 4 and 8 weeks (P less than .05), while the DYS-SWM group had an increased ratio only at 8 weeks (P less than .05). Subjective histopathological evaluation of heart lesions showed that the DYS-SED group had many large areas of inflammatory reaction with infrequent diffuse areas of calcification. In contrast, the DYS-SWM group had fewer and smaller areas of inflammatory reaction with moderate amounts of calcification.

Animals↗