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Biomedical subjects

R Cluzan

Publications and source records attributed to R Cluzan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Computerized tomography of 150 cases of lymphedema of the leg].

The aim of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of CT imaging to stage lower limb lymphedemas. Between 1992 and 1997, we studied 150 cases of lymphedema, half idiopathic and half secondary. Methods used are described. In decreasing order of frequency, we found: skin thickening, increased subcutaneous tissue surface area compared with the healthy limb, thickening of the perimuscular aponevrosis, fat infiltration: lines parallel to the skin (parallel), edematous areas along the perimuscular aponevrosis, lines perpendicular to the skin (perpendicular). The lowest fat density was increased on the diseased side. The subfascial tissue showed some fat accumulation. These results were compared with findings reported in the literature. There were very major differences between idiopathic lymphedema and secondary lymphedema of the thigh. Similar images were generally generated by new and long-standing lymphedema. Rarely useful for positive diagnosis, CT is indispensable for establishing stage initially or after recent increase and, in our opinion, is essential for pretherapeutic assessment. The CT-scan gives objective evidence of overall disorders, the exact upper limit of the lymphedema, and sometimes reveals infraclinical bilateral involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Transaxial computer tomography of lower extremity lymphedema.

We examined retrospectively 11 patients with isolated unilateral lower limb lymphedema (clinical criteria confirmed by isotope lymphography) using computer tomography. In conjunction with earlier observations, the findings of soft tissue stranding, skin thickening, fat deposition in the epifascial compartment and perimuscular fascial thickening and edema relate to lymph stasis. This noninvasive and relatively simple imaging technique allows analysis of soft tissue changes in leg lymphedema and can be used to evaluate lymphatic insufficiency and its extent as well as document the response to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of prolonged physical training on cardiac physiology and morphology in the growing rat using various lipid treatments].

Weanling male Wistar rats which had been fed for 12 weeks purified diets containing 15% by weight of sunflower oil (SF), high erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEAR) or low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LEAR) and subjected to a treadmill program were compared with sedentary animals fed the same diets, on the basis of cardiac morphology and performances. The rats were trained 5 days a week for 12 weeks, and the speed and duration of the run were progressively increased over 6 weeks until the animals ran continuously for 50 min at 22 m/min with a 4% incline. The following main results were obtained: 1. Food consumption and growth rate decreased in trained animals (Table II). Resting heart rates were not slowed down by training, but were higher in rats fed SF or HEAR than in animals fed LEAR (Fig. 1). Trained animals showed an increasing fatigue during exercise, particularly those fed LEAR (Fig. 2). 2. The ratios of heart weight, muscle weight, kidney weight to body weight, were higher in trained animals, but absolute organ weights were similar in control and trained rats. 3. HEAR caused the highest incidence and number of heart lesions both in sedentary and in trained rats, but in the latter there was a highly significant increase in the number of lesions (Table III). 4. Physical training had different effects on cardiac performances according to the nature of the dietary oil. Thus, the rate of left ventricular pressure rise (dP/dt) decreased only in rats fed, SF or HEAR (Table IV).

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

Influence of physical training on the effects of dietary oils on cardiac morphology and phospholipids in rats.

Male wistar rats fed purified diets containing 15% sunflower oil (SF) by weight, high erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEAR) or low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LEAR) for 12 weeks and subjected to a moderate treadmill running program were compared with sedentary animals fed the same diets on the basis of cardiac morphology and complete analysis of cardiac phospholipids. HEAR caused the highest incidence and number of heart lesions both in untrained and trained rats but in the latter there was a highly significant increase of the lesions. LEAR gave a higher incidence of lesions than SF in untrained rats but not in trained ones. If compared to SF, HEAR and LEAR increased cardiac diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and sphingomyelin (SM) content (mg/g wet tissue) and decreased phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in untrained rats. Marked changes in the fatty acid pattern of these phospholipids were also observed. PE and PC in trained and untrained rats fed HEAR or LEAR contained elevated levels of C 22:5 (n-3) and C 22:6 (n-3) fatty acids whereas the C 22:4 (n-6) and C 22:6 (n-6) polyenes disappeared. Monoenes (C 18:1, C 20:1 or C 22:1) largely incorporated in DPG of rats fed the cruciferous oils. In SM levels of saturated fatty acids (C 16:0, C 18:0, C 20:0) and of n-9 monoenes (C 18:1, C 20:1, C 22:1, C 24:1) were higher in rats fed HEAR or LEAR than in those feds SF. These changes were mainly related to the high level of n-9 monoenes (oleic, eicosenoic and erucic acids) as well as to the high ratio linolenic/linoleic acid present in cruciferous oils. Physical training interacted with the effects of these dietary oils on the cardiac phospholipid composition. The relation between changes in phospholipid composition and the incidence and the number of cardiac lesions is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Lymphoedema of the upper limb following surgery or radiotherapy. Investigation by indirect radioactive lymphography (author's transl)].

Indirect radioactive isotope lymphography using intravenous 99 m Tc-labelled colloidal antimony sulfide was performed on 76 patients with lymphoedema of the upper limb consecutive to surgery or radiotherapy. The time required to reach 50% of maximum radioactivity was taken as index of the lymphatic flow rate, and the patients were divided into 3 groups depending upon the index (< 20 min; 20-60 min; > 60 min). It appears that in huge lymphoedemas the lymphatic flow rate index may remain subnormal, owing to associated veno-occlusive oedema. This non-invasive method provides data on the site and, frequently, on the nature and importance of lymph blockade. It might also help to predict the efficacy of a new drug currently under study.

Arm↗
PubMed1977

Clinical pharmacology of flurbiprofen: a novel inhibitor of platelet aggregation.

Studies are reviewed of the inhibitory effect of flurbiprofen, given in doses ranging from 50 mg to 200 mg per day for 1 week, on platelet aggregation measured by biological tests (adenosine diphosphate and collagen methods). Flurbiprofen at doses of 50 mg and 100 mg daily had a peak time of action of between 1 and 2 hours, the effects usually disappearing after 24 hours, and 100 mg flurbiprofen caused a similar decrease in platelet aggregation to 1 g aspirin daily. In a clinical study of 72 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis treated with doses of flurbiprofen up to 200 daily there was a significant correlation between the parameters of aggregation measured and treatment, and between proteinuria and adenosine disphosphate aggregation when the flurbiprofen dose did not exceed 100 mg daily.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1977

[The use of arteriography in the pharmacological study of a vasodilator substance].

The administration of a vasodilator substance is followed by the development of a higher contrast gradient in a given film in comparison with a reference X-ray carried out in the same subject under comparable technical conditions. Comparative densitometric measurement of the contrast gradient in the two successive arteriographic series, one with and one without the injection, arterial or venous, of a vasodilator substance (Couramine-Rutine) represents a valuable method for the study in man of the action of the substance in a visceral territory. The present study was limited to the kedney (79 cases), ans the territory of the superior mesenteric (46 cases). The absence of any densitometric difference between the two renal series at too low doses of vasodilator substance leads to the supposition of the possibility of a threshold dose of pharmacological activity.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative physiological effects of partially hydrogenated herring and rapeseed oils in the rat. 1. Mean-term effects on growth, organ weights and heart histology].

Two partially hydrogenated herring oils, containing 15% or 30% of C 22: 1, supplemented or not with linoleic (maize oil), have been fed for 16 weeks to growing rats (15% by weight in the diet), and their effects have been compared to those of peanut oil (controls), and to those of 2 mixtures of rapeseed oil and peanut oil having similar C 22:1 contents (15% and 30%). On the basis of equal amounts of ingested food, the growth of the rats is lower with herring and rapeseed oil than with peanut oil; this phenomenon is emphasized in the case of the non--C 18:2--supplemented herring oils. Herring and rapeseed oils induce an increase of liver particularly with the one having the highest content of trans fatty acids. Heart lesions have been observed in rats feed herring or rapeseed oils, not in the control group. The frequency of these lesions is greater with rapeseed oil (11/13) than with herring oils (11/24). This result suggests that erucic acid (cis delta 13 docosenoic acid) is more pathogenic than at least some of its isomers present in the hydrogenated herring oils (particularly the trans isomers). In the second part of this paper, we report the effects of the tested dietary fats on organ lipids after very short-term (3-7 days) or mean-term (16 weeks) experiments.

Animals↗