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R Coll

Publications and source records attributed to R Coll.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetics of E-4767 and E-5065, two new 8-chlorofluoroquinolones with a 7-azetidin ring substituent.

E-4767 [(-)-7-[3-(R)-amino-2-(S)-methyl-1-azetidinyl]-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid] and E-5065 [(-)-7-(3-amino-1-azetidinyl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid] are two new chlorofluoroquinolones with an azetidine moiety at position 7. Their in vitro activities were evaluated in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and tosufloxacin, while ciprofloxacin was used as a reference for in vivo studies. Against gram-positive organisms, E-4767 and E-5065 were, in general, eight- and fourfold more active than tosufloxacin, which is the most potent of the reference compounds. E-4767 and E-5065 were also more potent than the reference compounds against all species of enteric bacteria tested. The MICs of E-4767 and E-5065 at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC(90)s) were 0.007 to 0.5 microg/ml and 0.03 to 2 microg/ml, respectively, for gram-positive organisms and <or=0.003 to 0.06 microg/ml and 0.007 to 0.12 microg/ml, respectively, for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae except Serratia marcescens and Providencia spp. (MIC(90)s of E-4767 and E-5065 for these species were <or=0.5 microg/ml and <or=2 microg/ml, respectively). For Pseudomonas aeruginosa both compounds had a MIC(90) of 0.5 microg/ml. E-4767 and E-5065 were 356- and 32-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin against Bacteroides spp., and their MIC(90)s for Clostridium spp. were 0.25 and 0.5 microg/ml, respectively. Both products showed a remarkable reduction of activity when the pH was below 4.8 and, in general, were less active in the presence of 5 or 10 mM Mg(2+). The presence of horse serum or human urine (pH 7.2) decreased the activity of E-4767 and E-5065 only two- to fourfold more than the activity observed in broth. After an oral dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight, the maximum levels in serum (the maximum concentration of drug in serum was reached 30 min postadministration) of E-4767 and E-5065 were approximately threefold higher than that of ciprofloxacin. The area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 h for ciprofloxacin was about two- and fourfold lower than that for E-4767 and E-5065, respectively. These two new chlorofluoroquinolones were as effective as or more effective than ciprofloxacin against all experimental infections evaluated, not only against gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli or P. aeruginosa, but also against gram-positive pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae. E-4767 was the most effective compound, with a 50% effective dose (ED(50)) of <or=17 mg/kg for all strains tested except ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus strains. The ED(50) of E-4767 for these strains was <or=47.5 mg/kg. Against gram-positive experimental infections, the ED(50) values of E-4767 were 3- to 14-fold lower than those of E-5065 and up to 25 times lower than those of ciprofloxacin.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Support for the progressively finer attributes theory: two experiments.

In this paper two experiments support and amplify Coll and Coll's 1994 Progressively Finer Attributes Theory of Memory Trace Development. Important to the current paper are five propositions of this theory. (1) The memory trace develops along an attribute dimension from coarse/general to fine/specific attributes. (2) Forgetting is a reverse movement from fine to coarse as increasingly less fine attributes are lost. (3) A memory trace consists of a bundle of defining attributes and relating' attributes. There are no constraints on the type of attribute included in the attribute bundle or in the order of types acquired. The trace name is defined by the attribute bundle it represents. (4) Access to any defining attribute of a memory trace gives full access to all other attributes of the trace bundle. (5) In the early phases of trace development the attributes are preeminent in recall but, as familiarity with a to-be-learned item increases, the attributes become increasingly cohesive and the name assumes preeminence. As forgetting progresses, there is a return to the original state (attributes are preeminent). Exp. 1 supports Propositions 3 and 4 and Exp. 2 supports Propositions 3 and 5. Both experiments provide validation of Propositions 1 and 2 beyond that in prior work. The authors present arguments that the coarse-to-fine movement of the Progressively Finer Attributes Theory is the mechanism by which Levels of Processing operates.

Cognition↗
PubMed2001

Effect of creatine on performance of militarily relevant tasks and soldier health.

PURPOSE: Determine the short-term effects of creatine supplementation on performance of military tasks, thermoregulation, and health risks. METHODS: Male military personnel were randomly assigned to a creatine (CR; N = 8) or a placebo (CON; N = 8) supplementation group. Testing was conducted at baseline, after a 6-day load phase (20 g/d), and after 4 weeks of taking 6 g/d. Measurements included body composition, liver/kidney function tests, core body temperatures during a 10-mile march and 5-mile run, and performance on physical tasks. RESULTS: Serum and urine creatine increased significantly in the CR group. Body mass and number of pull-ups performed increased significantly in the CR group but not the CON group by week 4. No significant differences between the CR and CON groups were found for other performance measures, body composition, core body temperature, or other biochemical measures. CONCLUSION: Creatine supplementation increased body mass and pull-up performance but did not cause acute health problems. Creatine did not increase core temperature compared with placebo under the environmental conditions of the study, and it is unlikely that creatine will enhance the overall readiness or performance of soldiers.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Quality of life in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlation with lung and muscle function.

UNLABELLED: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients suffer from significant impairment in quality of life (QL), but the variables related to this impairment are not well known. The aim of this study has been to identify physiological parameters related to QL in severe COPD patients undergoing long-term oxygen therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 47 COPD patients using long-term oxygen therapy (43 men/four women, 65.17 SD 8.21 years, 3.17 SD 2.61 years on oxygen). The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and activities of daily living (ADL) questionnaire were used to measure QL. Subjective assessment of dyspnoea was performed using a visual analogue scale. The physiological parameters determined were lung function (spirometry, arterial blood gases, lung volumes and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity), muscle function (maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, deltoid muscle and handgrip strength), and nutrition status (tricipital skin fold and mid-arm muscle circumference). RESULTS: High ADL (8.32 SD 6.97) and NHP scores (energy 63.3 SD 40.43, pain 35.11 SD 31.56, emotional reactions 43.03 SD 25.13, sleep 51.91 SD 32.75, social isolation 30.64 SD 26.98, physical mobility 49.73 SD 24.93) demonstrated clinically significant QL impairment in the severe COPD patients studied. Stepwise multiple regression analysis found a correlation between lung function and QL. Low FEV1% was associated with impairment in energy, physical mobility and social isolation NHP scores and ADL score (r = -0.3, P < 0.05). RV/TLC also correlated with ADL and social isolation scores (r = 0.3, P < 0.05). Lung function explained 39-45% of the variation in these QL dimensions. QL did not correlate with other lung function parameters, muscle function or nutrition status. CONCLUSION: COPD patients using long-term oxygen suffer from severe QL impairment affecting not only energy and mobility but also emotional reactions, social isolation and sleep. Lung function is related to energy, mobility and social isolation dimensions, but muscle function is unrelated to QL in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Indices of respiratory muscle endurance in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of respiratory muscle performance can be described in terms of strength and endurance, the latter usually being measured by means of resistive or threshold inspiratory loads, using devices that are also used for respiratory muscle training. Few authors, however, have published endurance reference values for healthy subjects. To that end, we studied two indices of respiratory muscle endurance in a population of 99 healthy volunteers (50 men, 49 women) divided into five age groups (20-70 years old) applying a modification of the methods of Martyn et al. and Nickerson and Keens. Inspiratory muscle endurance (Tlim) was defined as the time the subject was able to sustain breathing against an inspiratory pressure load equivalent to 80% of the maximum tolerated load (Cmax). Cmax was calculated using a 2-min incremental threshold load. RESULTS: We found that the heaviest inspiratory threshold load tolerated for 2 min and the time a load equivalent to 80% of Cmax (Tlim) could be sustained were not significantly different for male and female subjects. Tlim correlated with Cmax, age, height, and maximum respiratory pressures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of four new 7-azetidinyl fluoroquinolones.

The activity of E-4535, E-4534, E-4528, and E-4527, four new 7-azetidinyl-6-fluoroquinolones, was studied to evaluate the role played by the C-2' and C-3' substitutions of the azetidinyl group, together with a C-8 fluorine atom. In general, like other 6,8-difluoroquinolones, E-4534 and E-4527 showed higher levels of activity than the corresponding monofluorinated derivatives, E-4535 and E-4528. E-4535 and E-4534, having a 7-(2-methyl-3-aminoazetidinyl) substituent, demonstrated higher levels of activity in vitro than their corresponding structural analogs, E-4528 and E-4527, distinguished by a 3-methyl-3-methylaminoazetidinyl group at position 7 of the quinolone nucleus. In consequence, E-4534 was the most potent of the new agents tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of the use of three different devices for nocturnal oxygen therapy in COPD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether transtracheal catheter and reservoir nasal cannula contribute to maintaining adequate oxygen saturation during sleep, and to calculate the oxygen saving they allow compared to nasal prongs. DESIGN: A prospective study in which patients were randomly assigned to either nasal prongs or oxymizer device prior to transtracheal oxygen delivery. Arterial oxygen saturation was then monitored by a finger pulse oximeter during 8 h of sleep. SETTING: Pulmonary ward of 'The Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona (Barcelona/Spain)'. PATIENTS: Fourteen stable hypoxemic (PaO2 50 +/- 6.9 mm Hg; PaCO2 51.5 +/- 9.3 mm Hg) COPD patients (FVC 44 +/- 19%; FEV1 26.5 +/- 11.5%; FEV1/FVC 44.9 +/- 9.7%) already receiving oxygen therapy at home. MEASUREMENTS: Pulmonary function test was performed. The lowest flow required to obtain an SaO2 at or above 88% for over 95% of the sleep time was determined for each type of oxygen delivery. Patients were not switched to the next type of oxygen delivery device until 3 reliable pulse oximetries had been obtained. The percentage of oxygen savings was calculated. Awake PaO2 was measured in patients using nasal prongs and transtracheal catheter while continuing to inspire oxygen at the same flow rate as when asleep. RESULTS: As expected, no differences were found in SaO2 measurements for the three types of oxygen delivery. Oxygen savings were 48.65% for the oxymizer device and 52.87% for the transtracheal catheter. Awake PaO2 was significantly higher (p < 0.04) in patients with nasal prongs than in those with transtracheal catheter at the flow rate required when asleep. CONCLUSIONS: The oxymizer device and transtracheal oxygen delivery benefit hypoxemic COPD patients reducing oxygen use during sleep by around 50%. Higher PaO2 levels were necessary to prevent nocturnal SaO2 decreases in patients with nasal prongs than in patients with transtracheal oxygen delivery. Oxygen-conserving devices are reliable and advisable methods for nocturnal oxygenation.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Transtracheal catheter and liquid oxygen: 5 years of experience].

We studied clinical tolerance, complications, change in pulmonary function test results, arterial gasometrics, hemoglobin (Hb), 6 minute stress tests (6 wt) and subjective perception of dyspnea assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) in a group of 18 patients (17 with obstructive disease and one with restrictive disease). These patients had previously been enrolled in a home oxygen therapy (HOT) program to deliver continuous oxygen therapy through nasal prongs, and had accepted portable oxygen therapy delivered by transtracheal catheter (TTC) from 1988 until 1993. Tolerance was good, there were no lethal complications of TTC, and excellent compliance with the prescribed HOT was achieved. Lung function test results worsened, while Hb and PaO2 improved and significant oxygen savings (50%) were achieved. The 6 wt test results had not worsened at the end of the first year but did so significantly at the end of the third year, in spite of a relative preservation of lung function. Dyspnea assessed on a VAS was not seen to worsen. We conclude that tolerance of the method was good and that no relevant complications occurred. HOT by TTC did not prevent worsening of bronchial obstruction. Oxygenation of patients was better, as shown by the decrease in Hb and the improvement in PaO2 at the end of the first year of monitoring. Changes in 6 wt showed that in order to achieve greater benefit from HOT by TTC, patients should follow a pulmonary rehabilitation program.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

E-4695, a new C-7 azetidinyl fluoronaphthyridine with enhanced activity against gram-positive and anaerobic pathogens.

E-4695, (-)-7-[3-(R)-amino-2-(S)-methyl-1-azetidinyl]-1-cyclopropyl-1,4- dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, is a new fluorinated naphthyridine with an azetidine moiety. The MICs of E-4695 at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) were 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml for gram-positive cocci, including species of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus, and the MIC90s against gram-negative pathogens such as members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (with the exception of Providencia spp. [MIC90, 8 micrograms/ml]) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 0.015 to 0.5 microgram/ml. E-4695 inhibited 90% of the Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides fragilis isolates at 0.25 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively. Against gram-positive cocci the potency of E-4695 was 2- to 8-fold higher than that of ciprofloxacin, 4- to 8-fold higher than that of ofloxacin, and 8- to 16-fold higher than that of fleroxacin. Against enteric bacteria and P. aeruginosa the potency of E-4695 was, in general, similar to that of ciprofloxacin and eightfold higher than those of ofloxacin and fleroxacin. E-4695 was four- and eightfold more potent than ciprofloxacin against C. perfringens and B. fragilis isolates, respectively. E-4695 and ciprofloxacin showed similar properties when the effects of pH or magnesium concentration were tested on them. E-4695 and ciprofloxacin had substantial reductions of activity only when pH decreased below 4.8. E-4695 and ciprofloxacin activities were not markedly affected by the presence of 5 or 10 mM Mg2+. The presence of serum and human urine at pH 7.2 decreased the activity of E-4695 between two- and fourfold. After an oral dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight, the maximum level in serum, the biological half-life, and the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 10 h for E-4695 were 13.2 microgram/ml, 3.3 h, and 45.6 microgram . h/ml, respectively. The area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4 h for ciprofloxacin was 2.3 microgram . h/ml at the same dose. Fifty-percent effective doses (ED50S) against Staphylococcus aureus HS-93 infections in mice were 4.5 mg/kg with E-4695 and 37.6 mg/kg with ciprofloxacin. Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae 29206 was more effectively treated with E-4695 (ED50, 41,2 mg/kg) than with ciprofloxacin (ED50, 200 mg/kg). The ED50 of E-4695 for infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae 1625 was 132.2 mg/kg; ciprofloxacin was ineffective at 400 mg/kg against this strain. E-4695 was also more potent than ciprofloxacin in treatment of infections caused by gram-negative organisms such as Escherichia coli HM-42 (ED50S, 1.0 and 3.9 mg/kg, respectively). The ED50S of E-4695 and ciprofloxacin were 33.0 and 145.5 mg/kg against P. aeruginosa HS-116 and 9.6 and 18.9 mg/kg against P. aeruginosa B-120, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy of E-4695 may depend not only on its in vitro activity but also on its improved pharmacokinetic properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The cost-benefit of cardiac rehabilitation programs].

In the past 20 years there has been a steady improvement in the short-term prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction, following the introduction of beta blockers, thrombolysis, and aspirin. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention also has contributed to this improvement. However, the development cardiac rehabilitation is limited and not fully developed in Europe. Multiple reasons are related to the underuse of rehabilitation, between then the increase of economical cost associated rehabilitation services. The participation in comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation show and lower cardiac rehospitalization costs. Also, earlier return to work and less pension cost in patients included in cardiac rehabilitation. Several studies had confirmed rehabilitation programs are more cost-effective, in QALYs terms, that some drugs. Then, cardiac rehabilitation is an efficient health-care resource, and may be economically justified.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1995

In vitro activity of E-4868, a new fluoroquinolone with a 7-azetidin ring, compared with ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin.

E-4868, (-)-7[3-(R)-amino-2-(S)-methyl-1-azetidinyl]-1-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, is a new fluoroquinolone with a 7-azetidin ring substituent. The in vitro activity against clinical isolates was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and fleroxacin. In general, activity of E-4868 against aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli was equal to or slightly less active than ciprofloxacin with the exception of Morganella morganii and Proteus spp., E-4868 MIC90, 1 and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively. E-4868 activity was two- to eight-fold higher than ciprofloxacin against Gram-positive cocci. For anaerobic species, E-4868 activity was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, although against the Bacteroides fragilis group E-4868 was four-fold more active than ciprofloxacin.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1994

[Oxygen therapy and other pneumological tools for home use in Barcelones Nord i Maresme. A descriptive study].

Against a background of differences in prevalence of chronic home oxygen therapy (CHO) and other pneumological tools (nasal continuous positive airway pressure, aerosol therapy, monitoring, assisted ventilation) found in studies of the various regions of Catalonia (Spain), we carried out a descriptive study to determine how these tools were being used in the northern Barcelona and coastal plain health region (population 657,376). Three hundred sixty-six (49.8%) patients used CHO, 39 (5.3%) used aerosol therapy, 52 (7.1%) used nasal continuous positive airway pressure, 3 (0.4%) were monitored at home and 1 (0.1%) was mechanically ventilated at home. Two hundred seventy-three patients about whom we had insufficient data did not keep their appointments with the doctor. Use of CHO was considered appropriate in 302 (82.5%) of the 366 patients reviewed; 6.5% of these were active smokers as indicated by measurement of CO in expired air. The number of patients resistant to treatment (273) is very high in the northern Barcelona and coastal plain region and should be followed up more carefully. Our finding allow us to estimate that CHO is appropriately prescribed in the northern Barcelona and coastal area for 87.5 patients per 100,000 inhabitants, a prevalence that is higher than that observed for other health regions in Catalonia.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

Glycosaminoglycans and oxalocalcic urolithiasis.

A very simple analytical procedure with dimethylmethylene blue as photometric reagent was applied for the evaluation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) urinary excretions and concentrations in both sexes, calcium oxalate stone formers, and a control group. The GAG concentrations varied significantly in stone formers (males and females) and in the control group; moreover, in some individual cases, a deficit of urinary GAGs was clearly detected. Apart from important inhibitory effects of GAGs on heterogenous calcium oxalate nucleation, the low urinary GAG content could be the cause of a pathological epithelium, favoring stone formation. The dimethylmethylene blue method is recommended as a quick screening procedure to determine a GAG deficit.

Calcium Oxalate↗