PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Cope

Publications and source records attributed to R Cope.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Time- and tissue-dependent polychlorinated biphenyl residues in hairless mice after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil.

Four groups of 16 age-matched female Crl:SKH1-hrBR hairless mice were exposed to either control soil or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated soil (retrieved from an electrical waste landfill in Southern Illinois) for 11 weeks. The mice were exposed in a study to determine interactions between environmental PCBs and ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but the UVR group did not differ and provided a replicate for the residue study. Ear biopsies were performed immediately after the termination of soil exposure. The mice were maintained in regular bedding for 37 weeks thereafter. The ear-skin, trunk-skin, fat-pad, and liver samples were collected and weighed at the end of the study (week 48) and analyzed for PCB residues. A total of 141 PCB congeners were target analytes. There were significant differences in body weights and food consumption from week 2 to 28. The liver weights of mice treated with PCB only were significantly greater than those of UVR-treated mice. The fat-pad weight did not differ among treated groups. PCB residues in the ear biopsies specimens of mice exposed to contaminated soil were 342.3 and 317.2 ppm in the PCB- and PCB + UVR-treated groups, respectively, and contained both persistent and episodic congeners. After 37 weeks of isolation from soil, the ear PCB residues decreased to 21.5 ppm (PCB group) and 14.5 ppm (PCB + UVR group), and only persistent congeners contributed to the total PCB residues. The accumulation of PCB residues was highest in the fat pad (fat pad > ear skin > trunk skin > liver) in both PCB +/- UVR groups at the end of the study. However, the percentage of individual congeners contributing to total PCBs in these different tissues did not differ.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Prevention of exposure to bloodborne pathogens.

This article is an overview of the bloodborne pathogen standard for podiatric practice. Included are the history of regulation, prevention measures to be undertaken in medical practice for the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, and measures for appropriate follow-up, should exposure occur. Physical, chemical, thermal, and procedural barriers against transmission and recommendations for the development of an office infection-control program are discussed.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1996

The outcome of psychiatric recommendations to courts.

The case notes, court reports and outcomes of 699 consecutive out-patient referrals to a forensic service for court reports, related to criminal offences, were examined. The relationship between rejection of psychiatric recommendations to the court and a number of different variables was examined. Age, sex and ethnicity were found to be unrelated to rejection rates. Referrals from defence solicitors, certain offences and certain diagnoses were found to be over-represented among those cases in which such recommendations were rejected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Coxa Saltans: The Snapping Hip Revisited.

Coxa saltans, or "snapping hip," has several causes. These can be divided into three types: external, internal, and intra-articular. Snapping of the external type occurs when a thickened area of the posterior iliotibial band or the leading anterior edge of the gluteus maximus snaps forward over the greater trochanter with flexion of the hip. The internal type has a similar mechanism except that it is the musculotendinous iliopsoas that snaps over structures deep to it (usually the femoral head and the anterior capsule of the hip). Intra-articular snapping is due to lesions in the joint itself. Diagnosis of the external and internal types is usually made clinically. Radiography can be useful in confirming the diagnosis, particularly when bursography shows the iliopsoas tendon snapping with hip motion. Other radiologic modalities, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthrography, may also be helpful, especially when there is an intra-articular cause. Most cases of snapping hip are asymptomatic and can be treated conservatively. However, if the snapping becomes symptomatic, surgery may be necessary. There may also be a role for arthroscopy in the treatment of intra-articular lesions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Guidelines for the prevention of HIV transmission in the podiatric medical practice.

The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the US has increased over the past decade. This increase has effected concern regarding the risks of HIV infection within the podiatric medical practice. Implementation of an effective infection control program for blood-borne pathogens within the podiatric medical practice can minimize such risks.

Guidelines as Topic↗
PubMed1995

Hugh Owen Thomas: bone-setter and pioneer orthopaedist.

Hugh Owen Thomas (1834-1891) was descended from a long line of Welsh bone-setters. He stressed the importance of rest in treatment and was responsible for many landmark contributions to orthopaedic surgery. He was especially celebrated for his design and use of splints; the famous Thomas knee splint was still in wide use at the end of World War II. Although he performed little open surgery, his logical and original principles and methods revolutionized orthopaedic practice. His ideas were disseminated throughout the United States by John Ridlon and others and there is continued interest and respect here for all facets of his life and teachings. He and his nephew, Robert Jones, have been called "the Fathers of Orthopaedic Surgery."

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1995

Robert Jones: father of modern orthopaedic surgery.

Robert Jones (1857-1933), the nephew of Hugh Owen Thomas, was an outstanding British orthopaedic surgeon at the close of the nineteenth, and during the first 30 years of the present century. He organized and revolutionized the management and treatment of war wounds in World War I when Director of Military Orthopaedics in the British Army. He established specialized military orthopaedic hospitals for the after-care and rehabilitation of the wounded soldier, being assisted in this work by many, mainly young, American surgeons. Jones was a constant champion of the crippled child. He was responsible for the setting up of orthopaedic departments in the British teaching hospitals and played a major role in the formation of the British Orthopaedic Association; hence the claim that he established orthopaedics as a specialty in its own right in Britain appears valid. He was a fast, brilliant surgeon who devised many new procedures. He was admired and respected by surgeons all over the world, especially Americans, and he received a host of prestigious awards from his own country and from the United States, At all times, he was generous to colleagues and to visitors, entirely free of jealousy and loved by patients, especially children.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1994

Long-term follow-up of young Afro-Caribbean Britons and white Britons with a first admission diagnosis of schizophrenia.

In this follow-up study, a group of black and white patients were followed up between 4 years 9 months and 10 years after a first admission with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. It was possible to trace 98% of the sample, and historical, clinical and social data were obtained from case notes and interviews with patients and informants. There was no evidence of greater misdiagnosis in black patients, but their outcome was poorer in terms of readmissions and allocation to schizophrenic catego classes on follow-up (almost significant at 5% level). On follow-up, no differences were found in physical treatments and after-care arrangements or contacts with services. However, more black patients were readmitted on forensic sections and from prison, and more were treated in secure units. Explanations for the increased contact with penal and forensic services are discussed. The poorer clinical outcome found in black patients was associated with four factors apparent before first admission; living alone, unemployment, conviction and imprisonment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Lack of correlation between suppression of contact hypersensitivity by UV radiation and photoisomerization of epidermal urocanic acid in the hairless mouse.

The immunological consequences of exposure to UVA (320-400 nm) radiation are unclear. This study describes the relationship between the generation of epidermal cis-urocanic acid and the ability to respond to a contact-sensitizing agent, in hairless mice exposed to different UV radiation sources, which incorporate successively greater short-wavelength cutoff by filtration of the radiation from fluorescent UV tubes. Mice were exposed to these radiation sources at doses systematically varying in UVB radiation content but supplying increasing proportions of UVA radiation. All radiation sources were found to generate approximately 35% cis-urocanic acid in the epidermis, thus normalizing the sources for cis-urocanic acid production. However, only those sources richest in short-wavelength UVB resulted in suppression of the systemic contact hypersensitivity response. These sources also induced the greatest erythema reaction, measured as its edema component, in the exposed skin. A strong correlation was thus demonstrated between the induction of edema and the suppression of contact hypersensitivity, but there appeared to be no correlation between the generation of epidermal cis-urocanic acid and suppression of contact hypersensitivity. The sources richest in UVA content did not result in suppression of contact hypersensitivity; furthermore mice previously irradiated with such UVA-rich sources were refractory to the immunosuppressive action of exogenous cis-urocanic acid. A protective effect of the increased UVA content thus appeared to be inhibiting immunosuppression by the available endogenously generated or exogenously applied cis-urocanic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

1,000 forensic outpatients: a descriptive study.

The case notes and court reports of 1,000 consecutive outpatient referrals to a regional forensic outpatient service were studied retrospectively. Socio-demographic, psychiatric and forensic information was collected. The sample was predominantly male, Caucasian and relatively young in comparison with a general psychiatric population. The commonest source of referral was from defense solicitors and the commonest reason for referral was for a court report. A wide range of diagnoses and offences were noted. A number of differences were found in the frequency of gender, ethnicity and diagnosis according to the source of, and reason for, referral.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint.

Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are uncommon, with the posterior variety having a potential for considerable morbidity. Radiologic management and diagnosis can be difficult. In this review article, the joint anatomy and mechanisms of dislocation are discussed and the incidence and clinical manifestations described. Six case reports are presented to illustrate causative mechanisms, diagnoses, and radiologic appearances. Computed tomography is the best method of demonstrating the sternoclavicular joint, but a number of specialized plain film projections are also described and illustrated; these should be more widely known. Treatment of the joint dislocations is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pigmented villonodular synovitis presenting as a subcutaneous mass at the knee.

We describe a 45-year-old man who developed a painful mass about his knee. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well defined lesion, and biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis. Our case exemplifies a primary synovial process presenting as a subcutaneous tumor. Such diagnostic possibilities, although rare, should be more widely known.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

Second generation Afro-Caribbeans and young whites with a first admission diagnosis of schizophrenia.

A study of young Afro-Caribbeans and whites diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia on a first admission suggests that the over-representation of Afro-Caribbeans with this diagnosis is not explained by mis-diagnosis. The Afro-Caribbeans were more likely to live alone and to be in contact with the police or prison services before admission. They were also more likely to be admitted compulsorily, especially on forensic orders. They were less likely to make and maintain voluntary contact with the services. There was little difference in the physical treatment given to both groups but the Afro-Caribbeans were more likely to be re-admitted in subsequent years and one third of the Afro-Caribbean males were treated at some time in forensic units. Results are discussed with reference to previous literature and some recommendations made.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1991

Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint: anatomic basis, etiologies, and radiologic diagnosis.

Dislocations of the sternoclavicular joint are relatively uncommon, but diagnosis and management can be difficult, with posterior dislocations being potentially very serious. The anatomy of the joint, and the mechanisms of dislocation, are described. The radiologic diagnosis is discussed and three case reports are presented to illustrate varieties of dislocation. Although computed tomography is the ideal method of demonstrating the sternoclavicular joint, some specialized plain film projections are often useful. These should be more widely known and are described and illustrated. Treatment is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗