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Biomedical subjects

R Cristol

Publications and source records attributed to R Cristol.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prenatal organization and morphogenesis of the sphenofrontal suture in humans.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the prenatal structure and morphogenesis of the sphenofrontal suture. METHODS: Eleven human specimens, two embryos and nine fetuses, were prepared for light microscopy study of the sphenofrontal suture. Ten-micrometer sections were made with the microtome in the sagittal plane from the midline to the sphenoidal fontanelle. RESULTS: At the end of the fetal period, the sphenofrontal suture had a five-layer structure like the cranial sutures, and was formed by two different morphogenetic unities. The orbitosphenofrontal suture was formed between the membranous ossification of the orbital part of the frontal bone and the endochondral ossification of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, i.e. the ala orbitalis. In the early stage, a transient sphenoethmoidal cartilage was inserted between these two ossifications. The second unit, the lateral sphenofrontal suture, was formed between the frontal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid, and the ossification was membranous in this portion. It is formed like the cranial suture, directly from the mesenchyme. CONCLUSION: The sphenofrontal suture is a typical fibrous suture arising from two morphogenetic unities.

Body Patterning↗
PubMed1996

[Early detection of atherosclerosis].

Within certain limits, it is not possible to screen for asymptomatic early atherosclerotic lesions with the aim of prevention. The effectiveness of different screening tests varies. A vascular murmur has little predictive value. Coronary or aorto-iliofemoral calcifications sometimes occur early. ECG or exertion thallium scan and low distal pressure at rest or during exercise can provide indirect clues as can continuous Doppler or the carotids or peripheral vessels. Pulsed Doppler and color-Doppler are the best screening tools for detecting wall thickening or a silent plaque. Arteriography is essential for patients with coronary artery disease and is often required for carotid or abdominal vessels, but is unfortunately an invasive method and underestimates lesions which do not give a defect image. Angioscopy and endoechography are difficult to manipulate and interpret and cannot be used in routine screening. No biological or genetic markers have been identified as formal indicators of atherosclerosis. Screening is justified in young patients at risk (high blood pressure, intensive smoking, major hyperlipidemia, diabetes, severe family history) because early lesions would lead to a more adapted treatment which can be expected to stabilize or even improve early lesions, or even reduce the risk of plaque rupture. In addition, carotid or iliofemoral lesions increase the risk of coronary artery disease.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1986

[Digital blood flow measurement by venous occlusion plethysmography in Raynaud's phenomenon. Value of the rewarming test].

The fingertip blood flow measured by mercury strain gauge plethysmography with venous occlusion, at 22 degrees C room temperature, had significantly lower mean values in 190 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (55 men aged 49 yrs +/- 16, 135 women aged 48 yrs +/- 16) than in 40 age and sex matched controls: 18 ml/100 ml/minute +/- 14.6 versus 35 ml/100 ml/minute +/- 15 at level p less than 0.01. The mean fingertip blood flow was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in 31 cases of scleroderma and 32 cases of pulpar necrosis (respectively 13 ml +/- 13 and 11 ml +/- 8) than in 55 cases of primary Raynaud's disease (no detectable etiology and normal capillaroscopy 5 years after onset) or in 34 cases of mild Raynaud's phenomenon (respectively 21.6 +/- 16 and 24.4 +/- 18). A warming test (both hands in water at 45 degrees C during 3 minutes) was performed in 50 cases with low basal fingertip blood flow. It induced a "normalized" flow in 22 cases (mostly primary or mild Raynaud), a partly improved flow in 20 cases (mostly secondary Raynaud) and no improvement in 8 cases (scleroderma). The warming test appears to be clinically useful to assess the vasospasm and the vasodilating capabilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of intermittent claudication using a treadmill with measurement of systolic pressure at the ankle following exercise].

Intermittent claudication (IC) and maximum walking distance (MWD) were studied in 173 patients and compared to post-stress Doppler claudicant ankle pressure (PSCAP) and to ankle index (PSCAI) recorded 2 minutes after exercise. Self-evaluation of MWD by the patient was inaccurate in 60% of cases. The treadmill testing (at 12% of rate and 2 miles/hour) exhibited a clinically overt IC in 93 cases with MWD of 166 m +/- 76, a PSCAP of 24 mm Hg +/- 24 and a PSCAI of 0.17 +/- 0.17. A clinically questionable IC occurred in 50 cases with significantly higher values (p less than 0.001) for MWD (278 m +/- 75) PSCAP (52 mm Hg +/- 24) and PSCAI (0.34 +/- 0.16). In 30 cases without IC after 400 m on treadmill, the PSCAP (81 mm HG +/- 26) and the PSCAI (0.57 +/- 0.18) were significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than in IC groups and related to milder iliofemoral stenosis. Overall reproducibility of MWD (mean = 190 m +/- 90) with 2 or 3 repeated measures in 75 cases, was 10.8% +/- 8.6 with large individual variations. Overall reproducibility of PSCAP after standardized treadmill testing in 42 cases was 6.5 +/- 5.3 (range of CV = 0 to 16%). A variation of PSCAP of more than 15 mm Hg is considered significant at level 0.01. It is concluded that overt IC with foot pallor and PSACP at 40 mm Hg or less reflects actual and reproducible MWD (especially below 300 m).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ankle↗
PubMed1980

[Long term follow up of patients with intermittent claudication and correlated with the management of risk factors (author's transl)].

The follow-up (3 to 20 years, mean = 8,9 yrs) of 145 patients with intermittent claudication showed the high incidence of tobacco use (86%) hyperlipidemia (43%) elevated blood pressure (45%) and glucose intolerance (30%), two or more of these factors were present in 66% of cases. A statistically significant higher rate of fairly reduced risk factors was noted in 57 patients improved functionally (based on the maximal walking distance on treadmill and arm/ankle systolic pressure ratio) versus 45 functionally impaired patients, and in 55 patients free of CHD, compared with 54 patients with coronary events (p 0.001). A group of 26 patients with cerebro-vascular insufficiency exhibited a higher incidence of non reduced hypertensive cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Raynaud's syndrome: study of fingertip blood flow by plethysmography with venous occlusion (author's transl)].

The fingertip blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography in a room at 22 degrees C, in 52 patients with Raynaud's syndrome and 24 healthy controls. In severe Raynaud's syndroms (24 cases incuding: scleroderma: 7 cases, thromboangitis: 5 cases, disabling syndrom without known etiology: 12 cases), the flow was significantly lower than in moderate Raynaud's syndroms (19 cases including 10 primary and 9 secondary syndroms) i.d. 7.5 +/- 7.3 ml versus 25 +/- 15 ml (p < 0.001). Controls had significantly higher flow (35 +/- 12.3 ml) than moderate Raynaud's syndroms (p < 0.05). Raynaud's syndroms with permanent acrocyanosis had a low flow (8.7 +/- 5.3 ml) not different from severe syndroms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Mixed hyperlipoproteinemias. Importance of diet].

The interest of diet is particularly clear in mixed hyperlipemia. In fact, the authors were only able to define the type of lipid abnormality after a test diet and prolonged supervision. One should never treat mixed hyperlipemia straightaway with hypocholesterolemic agents. The authors studied 22 patients with a form only demonstrable in the laboratory. There were no clinical signs of arteriosclerosis. In the group of dyslipemic subjects with minor hyperlipemia, they obtained normal figures for serum cholesterol and triglyceride. The results remained stable after 4 months supervision.

Adult↗