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Biomedical subjects

R Croucher

Publications and source records attributed to R Croucher.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Priorities of undergraduate dental education: what do students think?

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the teaching of behavioural sciences to dental undergraduates, but psychologists and sociologists can meet with resistance to their teaching from both staff and students. In an attempt to understand this resistance further, this paper provides the results of a cross-sectional survey conducted with undergraduate students at two UK dental schools. The results indicate that students believe that training in technical aspects of care (e.g. practice in manual skills, knowledge about anatomy) should assume a substantially higher priority than training in social aspects (e.g. practice in communication skills, knowledge about psychology). The students felt that they were increasingly prepared for both aspects of practice as they progressed through the course, and senior students were more likely to believe that their dental schools should give a higher priority to history-taking and psychological methods to control pain and anxiety than junior students. These results present a considerable challenge for psychologists and sociologists teaching at dental schools and suggest that appropriate curriculum design and integrated teaching may be the way forward.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Dentists' perceptions of HIV/AIDS as an occupational hazard: a qualitative investigation.

The aim of this study was to explore in depth a sample of dentists' perceptions of HIV/AIDS in the context of an investigation into their feelings towards occupational hazards. To fulfil this aim a qualitative research method, the Repertory Grid Technique, was employed. Twenty-three dentists were involved in the study. The main findings of the research were that a complex array of views were expressed by the sample, but that issues relating to concern and control were seen as being of greatest relevance and importance. The methodological technique used enabled a two-dimensional diagrammatic image to be created representing the samples' view of HIV/AIDS. Most of the dentists perceived HIV/AIDS as being of low to moderate concern and under moderate to high control. The older male dentists expressed higher levels of concern and lower levels of control. Those dentists with the greatest experience of dealing with people affected by HIV/AIDS expressed lower concern and higher control. When compared with other occupational hazards, the sample viewed HIV/AIDS in a very similar way to eye injury, mercury, radiation and herpes, in terms of concern and control. It was evident, however, that occupational stress was the hazard that provoked the highest degree of concern for the sample, and not HIV/AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

Opinions of Botswana dental therapists and students about their professional education.

This paper presents an evaluation of the training programme for dental therapists in Botswana. It describes the impetus for the creation of the training programme and its content provided by the principles of Primary Health Care. The opinions of the students and serving dental therapists were investigated through self-complete questionnaires. Both groups wished to develop advanced restorative skills and wanted more time to be allocated to that section of the course which would allow this. In contrast, their interest was less in other sections of the course more specifically concerned with the principles of Primary Health Care, such as the development of communication skills. It is suggested that the findings reflect a confusion about the practice of Primary Health Care.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

The "spread of effect' of a school based dental health education project.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of a school based dental health education programme ("Natural Nashers') upon the families of adolescents receiving the programme. Interviews with 73 randomly selected parents were conducted. One group (n = 35) had a child who had recently received the programme, the other (n = 38) had not. During the interview they were asked if they or other family members (apart from the programme recipient) had changed their dental behaviour or received any new dental information in the previous 2 months. Changes in behaviour were reported from 12 parents in the study group compared with seven in the control. Twenty two parents from the study group reported receiving new dental information in the family compared with four in the control group. The information and reported changes in behaviour related primarily to aspects of disclosing. In 80% of these cases of change or new information in the study group the source was an adolescent who had recently been taught "Natural Nashers'.

Adolescent↗

DHE in the classroom.

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Health Education, Dental↗

An investigation into the response of subjects to a plaque control programme as influenced by friends and relatives.

The aim of the present study was to assess the response of patients to a course of instruction in plaque control as influenced by friends and relatives. The subjects in the study were 41 patients who had been referred to a dental hospital for treatment. There was a major reduction in plaque and gingivitis levels in the subjects at both the 10th and 14th weeks of the study. There was a greater proportional reduction in gingivitis levels in those subjects who had a higher number of reported discussions with their friends. The effect of discussions with members of the family was less clear. Lower values for gingivitis levels at 10 weeks were associated with a higher number of discussions with parents. However the levels of gingivitis tended to be adversely affected by discussions between the subjects and their spouses. The importance of recognising the influence of family and friendship networks needs to be understood when preventive programmes are designed, especially where high levels of self-care are sought as outcomes. Further work is in progress on a group of office workers being treated in a dental practice environment. This will allow the type of advice being obtained from the various contacts to be investigated in more detail.

Adult↗

Natural Nashers: a programme of dental health education for adolescents in schools.

This research set out to recognize and overcome the difficulties and doubts in designing, testing and disseminating a dental health education programme for adolescents, as part of their school curriculum. After extensive pilot work, large-scale field trials were mounted of Natural Nashers for 13-14-year-old pupils in school. These trials ran among 6700 pupils in 45 largely urban, mixed sex, state comprehensive schools in England and Scotland. A quasi-experimental control group design was used and evaluation was carried out at the levels of process (teachers' questionnaires, pupils worksheets, field-workers' reports) and outcome (pupils' pre- and post-questionnaires, worksheets, plaque and gingival scores), among a random subsample (n = 1900) divided between study (n = 1300) and control (n = 600). Eighty-three teachers completed a questionnaire and 330 field workers' reports were analysed. Two hundred and fifty pupils were further examined after a minimum of 6 months. Significant improvements in plaque and gingival scores, knowledge and attitudes compared to control pupils were noted. Gains in the areas of knowledge and attitudes were the largest of any recorded in similar trials in Europe. Process data showed that in the experimental schools, improved oral hygiene was correlated with teachers who were enthusiastic and used a cooperative style. Results from the teachers' questionnaire showed that the programme was very well received and educationally suitable.

Adolescent↗

Preventive dental health in adolescents: short and long term pupil response to trials of an integrated curriculum package.

A controlled evaluation of a 3-week teacher mediated dental health education curriculum package was undertaken in 35 English secondary schools in three Area Health Authorities. 4500 13-14-year-old adolescents were involved. The package emphasized self-care potential and combined a scientifically accurate message with educational and behavioural science concepts. Evaluation was at the levels of process and outcome using changes in oral hygiene recorded on a random sample (n = 1491) by two trained examiners; self-complete pre/posttest questionnaires, pupil worksheets and home experiment diaries. Behavioural, cognitive and affective outcomes are reported. Significant improvements in oral hygiene status were recorded at the conclusion of the programme along with large gains in knowledge and positive changes in attitude. Long term follow-up oral hygiene examinations in six schools (n = 145) conducted in conjunction with a reinforcement programme, indicated a maintenance of the initial improvements in five schools. Further significant improvements were measured after the reinforcement programme.

Adolescent↗

Factors that influence dental visiting amongst young adults 16--20 years old.

Interviews investigating factors influencing dental visiting were held with a nationally drawn (England + Wales) random sample of 690 16--20-year-olds. The results presented relate specifically to the last reported dental visit, the balance of self and professional dental care, knowledge and acceptability of charges for dental treatment, factors in choosing a dentist, feelings about visiting the dentist and whether information relating to treatment or prevention is either asked of or given by the dentist. The results were found to vary by age, sex, social class and region. The implications of these findings for the training of dentists and dental health education messages are discussed.

Adolescent↗

Neuropsychologic effects of continuous oxygen therapy in the aged.

This study investigated the effects of continuous therapy with oxygen on the neuropsychologic functioning of aged subjects professing problems with their memory. Nineteen men (mean age, 71 years) were evaluated on eight neuropsychologic measures during three different periods of time. Subjects were tested before any treatment, after a month of continuous therapy with oxygen, and after a period of sham treatment. The results indicated statistically significant improvement in the Wechsler Memory Quotient and, with one exception, improvement in all other measurements in favor of the treatment with oxygen. Differences between the results of this investigation and those of other studies are discussed, along with the factors possibly accounting for these differences.

Aged↗