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Biomedical subjects

R D Jones

Publications and source records attributed to R D Jones.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis in dogs and cats: 240 cases (1989-1990)

A search of medical records at the Georgia Animal Poison Information Center over a 19-month period revealed 240 cases of dog and cat exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). The most common NSAID consumed were ibuprofen, acetaminophen, aspirin, and indomethacin. The most common clinical signs of toxicosis were vomiting and diarrhea, CNS depression, and circulatory manifestations. Pets are at risk from NSAID toxicosis through administration by the owners or accidental consumption of improperly stored drugs.

Accidents↗
PubMed1992

Impairment of high-contrast visual acuity in Parkinson's disease.

Several studies have shown that the visual system is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD) with reduced contrast sensitivity, low-contrast acuity, and flicker sensitivity, as well as altered electroretinograms (ERGs) and pattern visual evoked potentials (VEPs). Apparently, however, no study has yet specifically determined whether visual acuity to high-contrast stimuli is impaired in PD. Visual acuity was measured in a group of 16 patients with PD, both on and off drugs (for 24 h), and 16 age- and sex-matched normal control subjects. Acuity was impaired in the PD group both on standard Snellen chart and on a screen in a computerized test of visual resolution. The degree of impairment was 24 and 25%, respectively, in the two tests. The PD patients had marginally better acuity on both tests while receiving drugs, but the differences were not significant. The difference between the two groups was consistent with impaired resolution and could not be accounted for by any perceptual dysfunction that may also have been present in the PD group. Conversely, however, impaired acuity may be implicated in studies that have reported mild deficits of visuospatial/visuoperceptual function in PD. Reduced acuity appears to be a subtle sequela of dopaminergic deficiency in the visual system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The upgraded Finapres 2300e. A clinical evaluation of a continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitor.

Measurements from the upgraded Finapres 2300e continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitor, the Finapres 2300 and Colin oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure monitor were compared with invasive arterial line blood pressure readings. Fifteen young Chinese patients undergoing elective spinal surgery of more than 2 h duration had contemporaneous blood pressure measurements digitally recorded every minute. Data were analysed using methods described by Bland and Altman to assess agreement of noninvasive devices with an arterial line. Results showed that although the Finapres 2300e was significantly more accurate than the Finapres 2300 and Colin noninvasive blood pressure monitors it could not be recommended as a substitute for continuous arterial line blood pressure monitoring. Both Finapres devices demonstrated reductions in accuracy related to time (drift) and over-read diastolic and mean pressures by 5-8 mmHg throughout the range of mean arterial line pressures (bias). The Colin was consistently less accurate than the Finapress monitors and performed worst at low mean arterial line pressures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An evaluation of prolonged oximetric data acquisition.

Data derived from pulse oximetry has inherent limitations, one of which is artifactual desaturation caused by patient movement. Perioperative patterns of oxygen desaturation were studied for a mean duration of 67 hours in eight young patients following corrective spinal surgery. Pulse oximetry data were relayed to a computer using Satmaster, a program which permits storage, retrieval, signal evaluation and statistical analysis of oximetry data. Desaturation episodes were mild, of short duration and their infrequent occurrence was not increased during intravenous morphine infusion. Retrospective identification of contemporaneous artifactual changes in signal amplitude permitted the removal of artifactual desaturations from our statistical data analysis. This decreased the average time desaturated from 5.4% (220 minutes) to 4.2% (162 minutes) of the monitored period representing a 25% reduction in absolute incidence and a 35% reduction in episodic incidence of desaturation. Acquired data should be validated and inferences drawn from non-validated data must be assessed with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of metoclopramide on luteinizing hormone secretion in postpartum anestrous cows.

The effect of metoclopramide (MC), a dopamine antagonist on luteinizing hormone (LH), was examined in anestrous primaparous cows. Metoclopramide has been found to be beneficial in overcoming fescue toxicosis; increasing LH secretion stimulates return to ovulatory function after parturition. Consequently, if MC had negative effect on LH secretion, it would indicate that administration of MC to reproducing animals might be limited. Of 14 postpartum (47 to 66 days) cows, 7 were given MC (4 mg/kg of body weight, IV), and 7 served as controls. Blood was obtained via jugular cannulas at 15-minute intervals for 8 hours; MC was given at the end of the first hour, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 7 mg/kg), was given IV at the end of hour 7 as a challenge stimulus for LH secretion. Prior to GnRH administration, MC did not have significant effect on LH secretion, as judged by mean serum LH concentration, LH pulse frequency, and LH pulse amplitude. Administration of MC resulted in greater (P less than 0.05) LH response to GnRH, indicating enhanced secretory ability when the pituitary gland was challenged. Serum prolactin concentration was increased (P less than 0.01) by MC administration. Therefore, MC did not have adverse effect on LH secretion in postpartum cows.

Anestrus↗
PubMed1991

The effect of scheduling in children undergoing prophylactic cranial irradiation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Control of central nervous system (CNS) disease and overall survival have been analysed in a group of 829 children with leukaemia entered into the UKALL VIII trial to determine whether scheduling of the cranial irradiation is of prognostic significance. We show that short gaps in treatment do not influence prognosis and that current radiotherapy practice need not be modified.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance as a measure of frontal lobe damage.

We examined the sensitivity and specificity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as a measure of frontal lobe damage in 91 subjects with stable focal brain lesions. Anatomical information about the location and extent of brain damage was obtained from MR and CT transparencies. No significant differences in WCST performance were found between subjects with frontal vs. nonfrontal damage. Some subjects with extensive frontal lobe damage performed well on the WCST, and some subjects with damage outside of the frontal lobes failed. The optimal cutoff scores for discriminating frontal from nonfrontal subjects correctly classified only 62% of the subjects. Further analysis of WCST performances associated with damage to various subregions of the frontal lobes also failed to reveal any reliable relationships. These findings indicate that performance on the WCST cannot be interpreted in isolation as an index of frontal lobe damage.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Antagonism of the hypnotic effect of midazolam in children: a randomized, double-blind study of placebo and flumazenil administered after midazolam-induced anaesthesia.

In a randomized, double-blind study, we administered placebo and flumazenil to 40 healthy Chinese boys, aged 3-12 yr, undergoing circumcision. The children received midazolam 0.5 mg kg-1 orally for premedication and 0.5 mg kg-1 i.v. during induction. After operation the patients were given 0.1 ml kg-1 of a blinded solution followed by 0.05 ml kg-1 min-1 until either they awoke or the 10-ml ampoule of solution was empty. Efficacy of antagonism of midazolam was assessed by times to eye opening and self identification, modified Steward coma scale, a post-box toy completion-time ratio and qualitatively by an independent observer. The difference between flumazenil and placebo was both clinically and statistically different in the first 2 h. Children receiving flumazenil awoke approximately four times faster and identified themselves nearly three times sooner; 65% of this group could complete the post-box toy at 10 min, compared with none of the placebo group. There were no cases of resedation, but one child did not awaken for 30 min after i.v. administration of flumazenil 1.0 mg. The mean total dose of flumazenil administered was 0.024 (SD 0.019) mg kg-1. Flumazenil rapidly antagonized midazolam-induced hypnosis in children and was associated with minimal change in cardiorespiratory variables.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed1991

Byssinosis in the cotton waste industry.

A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 772 workers in 27 mills in the North of England involved in the processing of cotton waste. The overall prevalence of byssinosis as defined by Schilling's criteria was 9.8 per cent with 5.4 per cent having grades 2 and 3. The prevalence in workers who had only ever had cotton waste exposure (5 per cent) was significantly less than for those who had mixed waste and raw cotton exposure. There was no clear relationship between prevalence of byssinosis and years of exposure or dust levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of two-lung high frequency positive pressure ventilation and one-lung ventilation plus 5 cm H2O non-ventilated lung CPAP, in patients undergoing anaesthesia for oesophagectomy.

A randomised prospective controlled study was conducted during a one-year period on patients scheduled for oesophagectomy via a right thoracotomy approach. Twenty-two patients received one-lung ventilation (OLV group) and twenty patients received high frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV group). Episodic hypoxaemia (SaO2 less than 90% for greater than 30 seconds, FiO2 1.0) occurred in eleven patients in the OLV group and six patients in the HFPPV group. No patient in the HFPPV group had a severe desaturation episode (SaO2 less than 80%, FiO2 1.0) compared with nine patients in the OLV group (P less than 0.05). The mean peak inspiratory pressure and average mean airway pressure were significantly lower in the HFPPV group 28.8 (SD 7.7) and 7.2 (SD 2.4) cm H2O respectively, compared with the OLV group, 40.0 (SD 9.9) and 11.9 (SD 4.9) cm H2O (P less than 0.05). Two-lung high frequency positive pressure ventilation has some advantages over one-lung ventilation during the thoracotomy phase of oesophagectomy because it is easy to administer, does not significantly compromise the surgical exposure and is associated with fewer severe undesirable physiological disturbances.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Postoperative analgesia for oesophageal surgery: a comparison of three analgesic regimens.

Sixty-four patients undergoing oesophageal surgery were randomly allocated to receive either a continuous lumbar epidural infusion of morphine or fentanyl, or, intramuscular morphine for postoperative analgesia. There was no statistical difference in analgesic requirements between the patients who underwent a thoracotomy for their procedure (n = 50) and those who did not (n = 14), as assessed by the total dose of opioid administered, visual analogue scale (VAS) and pain score (PS) comparison. However, by these criteria, epidural morphine infusion provided the most satisfactory analgesia (P less than 0.05). Despite the variable quality of analgesia achieved with the three regimens, the postoperative lung function tests were similar for all groups, and we conclude that routine lung function tests are not an appropriate method of comparing analgesic efficacy. Prophylactic administration of loratadine to 15% of our patients was not shown to be effective in diminishing the incidence of pruritus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Determination of metoclopramide in the serum and urine of cattle.

Metoclopramide, a dopamine-2 agent, has been shown to be useful in the antagonism of fescue toxicosis in grazing steers. The determination of this drug is described for the purpose of pharmacokinetic study and consideration of potential delivery devices to combat this economically significant condition.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

Fenvalerate/N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet) toxicosis in two cats.

Toxicosis attributable to fenvalerate and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (Deet) exposure was suspected in 2 cats. Clinical signs of toxicosis developed within 4 to 6 hours of dermal application of the pesticide. Clinical signs of toxicosis seen in both cats included hypersalivation, ataxia, and depression. In addition, seizures were seen in 1 cat. Both cats died. Analysis of skin, kidney/urine, liver, and brain tissues confirmed the presence of fenvalerate and Deet. The pyrethroid fenvalerate and the insect repellent Deet are used for the control of fleas and ticks on cats. Suspected fenvalerate/Deet toxicosis in cats is associated with tremors, hypersalivation, ataxia, vomiting, depression, and seizures.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of remote afterloading and manually inserted caesium in the treatment of carcinoma of cervix.

Between 1982 and 1985, 240 patients with carcinoma of cervix were treated by radical radiotherapy, 140 using the selectron at the Royal Beatson Memorial Hospital (RBMH) and 100 with conventional caesium at the Western Infirmary. To allow for the increased dose rate to point A (1.2-1.4 Gy/h) during selectron treatment the overall intracavity dose was reduced by a mean value of 25%. Local recurrence rates were similar: 15% (selectron) against 14% (conventional). Three-year survival with local control was somewhat worse in the selectron group (77% against 81%) mainly because of an increased frequency of metastatic disease with local control (19.3% against 12.0%. The use of remote afterloading has not increased late morbidity (15.7% selectron, 15.0% conventional). The introduction of the selectron has brought about a marked reduction in staff radiation exposure. At the RBMH the mean recorded dose to nurses fell from 19 mSv in 1981 to 2.4 mSv in 1985.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1990

A pilot study of quinidine and epirubicin in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Thirty-one patients were entered into a pilot study combining oral quinidine with epirubicin 100 mg m-2 as first line chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. Three patients were treated with quinidine 1 g b.d., and developed symptoms of toxicity. Of eight subsequent patients treated with quinidine 500 mg b.d., two experienced tiredness and nausea and one severe oral toxicity with epirubicin. The remaining 20 patients received quinidine 250 mg b.d.; one developed cinchonism and one malaise, the remainder showing no excess toxicity compared with epirubicin alone. The median nadir WBC was similar with or without quinidine (2.3 vs 1.6 x 10(9) l-1) as was median nadir platelet count (175 vs 157 x 10(9) l-1). There was no evidence of significant cardiac toxicity. The median plasma quinidine level achieved was 5.6 mumol l-1 (range 2.1-22.1), which is within the range of concentrations which is effective in vitro at reversing experimental anthracycline resistance. A randomised controlled study is proposed to assess the impact of this potential modulation on the efficacy of epirubicin in advanced breast cancer.

Adult↗