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Biomedical subjects

R D Marshall

Publications and source records attributed to R D Marshall.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Factors affecting excretion of human urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein.

1. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was determined, by radioimmunoassay, in samples of urine from normal individuals under a variety of physiological conditions. 2. The amount of glycoprotein excreted in 24 h by our population (39 +/- 13 mg, corrected for body surface area) was found not to be influenced by sex, age (19-60 years) or amounts of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ excreted. 3. Urine samples collected at 2 h intervals over 24 h from individuals drinking in response to thirst, contained quantities of the glycoprotein which showed high positive correlations with urine volumes, but not with Ca2+, Mg2+ or Na+ excretion. 4. The amounts of urine and of the glycoprotein were correlated for individuals in antidiuresis, induced by restriction of water intake. Relatively small amounts of glycoprotein were excreted by individuals in states of water-induced diuresis. 5. The amounts of glycoprotein excreted after exercise were positively correlated with the small volumes of urine voided, but they were uninfluenced by the degree of proteinuria or of hyaline cast formation. 6. The half-life for turnover of the glycoprotein in a given individual is highly variable, from a minimum of 3-7 to a maximum of 168 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The presence in serum of proteins which are immunologically cross-reactive with Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein.

Affinity chromatography, with rabbit anti-(human Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein) IgG, was applied to the isolation from normal human serum of protein, which is immunologically cross-reactive with the urinary glycoprotein. The antigen-antibody complex was dissociated with the use of sodium thiocyanate solution, a medium which fails to dissociate urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein-antigen complex. The cross-reactive serum proteins were isolated in amounts of 19-24 mg/l of serum. They have apparent molecular weights, assessed by disc-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, of 125 000, 84 000 and 74 000 respectively, with mobilities differing from that of urinary Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. They have a much lower immunoreactivity towards the antibody than does the urinary glycoprotein. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein could not be demonstrated in normal serum by the techniques used. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of pathology involving Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1981

Control of ventilation by continuous infusion of pancuronium bromide.

Certain groups of patients who require prolonged intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the Intensive Therapy Unit are difficult to manage with conventional sedative and narcotic drugs, and require muscle paralysis. In such cases, the authors have preferred a continuous infusion of a long-acting muscle relaxant using a syringe pump rather than intermittent injections. The technique and apparatus employed in the Intensive Therapy Unit at Northampton General Hospital are described.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

Localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the fetal and neonatal hamster kidney as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopical techniques.

Tamm-Horsfall (T-H) glycoprotein was demonstrated in the developing hamster kidney using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopical techniques. The glycoprotein was first observed in the fetal kidneys on the 12th day of gestation and was confined to the luminal surface of the presumed distal tubules of the medulla. It was not until the 14th day of gestation that T-H glycoprotein was also sometimes seen to be associated with the lateral and basal invaginations of the plasma membranes of the now differentiated distal tubules. On the 16th day (1st day post-partum) the glycoprotein was also found in the cortex. Although the general distribution of T-H glycoprotein was at 3-4 days after birth similar to the adult, the full intensity of staining was not attained until after the 21st day. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Localization of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in the human kidney using immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopical techniques.

Small pieces of tissue obtained from apparently normal areas of four surgically removed adult human kidneys were used in the present study. The results obtained by immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopical techniques show that Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) is present in the thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle and the distal convoluted tubules. Within the cells concerned, the protein is associated with the luminal, lateral as well as basal, plasma membranes and their infoldings. The cells of the macula densa are completely negative as are those of proximal convoluted tubules, glomeruli and collecting ducts. The possible significance of these findings in relation to the process of urine dilution in the nephron is discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Effects of freezing on the estimated amounts of Tamm--Horsfall glycoprotein in urine, as determined by radioimmunoassay.

Freeze-drying or freezing of salt-free solutions of human Tamm--Horsfall glycoprotein appeared to lead to changes in the structure of the latter, changes that increased its ability to bind with antibody raised, in rabbits, against it. This alteration in avidity of the glycoprotein was observed irrespective of whether antiserum was raised against freeze-dried or non-frozen antigen. The implications of this finding for the radioimmunoassay of the glycoprotein in urine samples were studied. Appropriate treatment for urine samples, before assay, was devised. The amount of Tamm--Horsfall glycoprotein excreted was shown to range from 30 to 138 mg in normal males and 43 to 126 mg in normal females per 24 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The management of bleeding gastric ulcer: a prospective study.

In a prospective study of six years' experience with a haematemesis and melaena unit from 1972 to 1978, there were 98 admissions of patients with bleeding gastric ulcer. There were ten deaths, giving a mortality of 11%. Forty-one patients were treated by emergency surgery with seven deaths, an operative mortality of 17%. All ten deaths occurred in the first four years; there were no deaths during the final two-year period (38 admissions). In retrospective studies at Prince Henry's Hospital, Melbourne, it was found that the mortality for bleeding gastric ulcer was 17% to 18% for the period 1951 to 1970. It is concluded that a prospective system of management with an active policy of early endoscopy and surgery and regular audit of results reduces the mortality from bleeding gastric ulcer.

Female↗
PubMed1979

Localization by immunofluorescence and by light- and electron-microscopic immunoperoxidase techniques of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein in adult hamster kidney.

1. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was isolated from hamster urine and antiserum against it was produced in rabbits. Immunoglobulin G was isolated from the antiserum. 2. Indirect methods of immunofluorescence staining were applied to kidney sections previously fixed by both perfusion and immersion methods. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was identified associated with only the cells of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. Maculae densae were free of the glycoprotein. 3. Indirect immunoperoxidase procedures with light microscopy were applied to kidney sections. The results extended those found by immunofluorescence by showing that the glycoprotein is largely associated with the plasma membrane of the cells. Macula densa cells were shown to be free of the glycoprotein, although the luminal surface of the remaining cells in the transverse section of the nephron at that region was shown to contain it. 4. A variety of immuno-electron-microscopic techniques were applied to sections previously fixed in a number of ways. Providing periodate/lysine/paraformaldehyde was used as the fixative, the glycoprotein was often seen to be present not only on the luminal surface of the cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and of the distal convoluted tubule, but also on the basal plasma membrane, including the infoldings. 5. It is generally accepted that the hyperosmolarity in the medulla of the kidney results from passage of Cl(-) ions with their accompanying Na(+) ions across the single cell layer of the lumen of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, a region of the nephron with relatively high impermeability to water. We suggest that Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein operates as a barrier to decrease the passage of water molecules by trapping the latter at the membrane of the cells. Our hypothesis requires the glycoprotein on the basal plasma membrane also.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Bleeding duodenal ulcer: reduction in mortality with a planned approach.

In a 6-year prospective study from 1972 to 1978 266 patients were admitted to a haematemesis and melaena unit with bleeding duodenal ulcer. There were 13 deaths, a mortality of 5 per cent. A comparison between the three consecutive 2-year periods of study showed an initial mortality of 6 per cent for the first 4 years falling to 2 per cent for the 93 admissions during the final 2 years of experience. Of the 120 patients treated surgically, 10 died in hospital, giving an operative mortality of 8 per cent. The trend in operative mortality was from 13 per cent for the initial 2-year period to 8 per cent for the second period and to 3 per cent for the final 2 years. The operative rate was consecutively 45, 50 and 34 per cent. There was 1 death in conservatively treated patients during each 2-year period of study. Three types of operation were performed: vagotomy, pyloroplasty and oversewing of the ulcer; Polya gastrectomy; and vagotomy and antrectomy. There was no difference in morbidity and mortality between these operations. At a mean follow-up of 3.1 years, 90 per cent of the patients had a good result from their operation. It is concluded that a prospective system of management with an active policy of early endoscopy, surgery and regular audit reduces the mortality from bleeding duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

L-asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase and L-asparagine synthetase activities of L-asparaginase-sensitive and -resistant forms of the mouse Gardner lymphoma 6C3HED.

1. The mouse Gardner lymphoma 6C3HED was grown in ascites fluid in a form sensitive to the action of L-asparaginase (line 1), in another form which was resistant to L-asparaginase (line 2) and in a third form with partial sensitivity to L-asparaginase (line 3). 2. The L-asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase activities of extracts of the tumour cells, cultured both in the mouse and in vitro, were determined. Two of the lines, 1 and 3, in early passage numbers, showed a derepression mechanism involving L-asparagine. Mutation occurred with these lines resulting in the L-asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase activity of all the tumour cell lines being the same. 3. Cells of line 1 had low L-asparagine synthetase activity, which was unchanged by altering the supply of L-asparagine in vitro. Cells of lines 2 and 3 exhibited L-asparagine synthetase activities, which changed with the supply of L-asparagine. 4. It is not certain that L-asparagine synthetase activity of L-asparaginase-sensitive cells is controlled by L-asparaginyl-tRNA acting as a corepressor.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗