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Biomedical subjects

R D Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to R D Olsen.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

An ADHD educational intervention for elementary schoolteachers: a pilot study.

We assessed the effect of pediatrician-led inservice training on the knowledge and stress of elementary schoolteachers related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The subjects were 44 schoolteachers staffing a 750-student school. Preintervention and postintervention questionnaires assessed teachers' training and knowledge concerning ADHD, teacher stress, and teacher-rated student behavior. The intervention was an ADHD curriculum developed by the national organization, Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit Disorder (CHADD). At preintervention, 41% of the teachers thought that ADHD could be caused by poor parenting and 41%, by sugar or food additives; 64% thought that methylphenidate should be used only as a last resort. Postintervention percentages of teachers holding these beliefs were 7%, 5%, and 34%, respectively. Sixty-one percent had no contact with physicians prescribing stimulants. Teacher stress correlated with ADHD behavior in male students and decreased postintervention. Use of the CHADD curriculum and discussion with a pediatrician were associated with improved teacher knowledge and decreased teacher stress related to ADHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Screening for biotinidase deficiency in children with unexplained neurologic or developmental abnormalities.

To test the hypothesis that the frequency of biotinidase deficiency is greater in children with unexplained developmental delay or neurologic abnormalities than in the general population, we studied children seen at a large outpatient clinic over a four-year period who had one or more of these neurologic abnormalities and for whom no specific cause for their abnormalities could be found. The group totaled 274 children (163 boys; 111 girls) whose ages ranged from 2 weeks to 17 years. Characteristics were IQ/DQ, 30 to 70 in the 115 for whom scores were available; 41% had seizures; 15% had sensorineural hearing loss; 54% showed gross motor delay or ataxia; and 27% had decreased muscle tone. One patient with a classical clinical picture of biotinidase deficiency was diagnosed during the study period and was not included in the study. None of the patients with nonclassic findings had a deficiency of biotinidase activity. Our results suggest that biotinidase deficiency does not account for a large proportion of children with unexplained neurologic abnormalities or developmental delay. This does not negate the importance of biotinidase testing in children with clinical patterns specifically suggestive of the deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Maternal parenting stress in physicians' families.

The families of 16 male staff physicians and 26 male residents were studied. All spouses completed the Abidin Parenting Stress Index (PSI) prior to a well-child visit. Home interviews were conducted to identify factors contributing to stress. PSI scores were similar in both groups. The interviews suggested that physician fathers had limited time and energy for parenting. Resident fathers were twice as likely as staff fathers to participate in child care when home. Parenting stress tended to stay the same in 25% of families or increased in 50% of families after residency training.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Control of canine renin release: macula densa requires prostaglandin synthesis.

1. The macula densa mechanism of renin release was functionally isolated in uninephrectomized, anaesthetized dogs by producing renal denervation, beta-adrenoceptor blockade, and maximum renal vasodilation with an infusion of papaverine into the renal artery. 2. A suprarenal aortic clamp was adjusted to reduce renal perfusion pressure by 50% which resulted in a 90% reduction in urinary sodium excretion and a two to threefold increase in plasma renin activity within 10 min. 3. Indomethacin (8 mg/kg) or meclofenamic acid (10 mg/kg) inhibited the rise plasma renin activity produced by the decrease in renal perfusion pressure in this model, although a comparable decrease in urinary sodium excretion was achieved. 4. We conclude that the macula densa mechanism of renin release is blocked by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Animals↗