PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R D Orr

Publications and source records attributed to R D Orr.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Nutritional care in pregnancy: the patient's view. I. Amount, type, and sources of dietary advice and treatment.

Interviews were conducted with ninety-two pregnant women who attended an out-patient clinic of a major obstetrical teaching hospital. All were between thirty-four and thirty-eight weeks pregnant when interviewed. Information was obtained on the amount, type, and sources of professional dietary advice; current dietary treatments; and the patterns and nature of the patients' contacts with dietitian. The dietitian was the major source of prenatal dietary advice. Only one-third of subjects received additional advice from other professionals, usually the nurse. Physicians were rarely identified as a source of dietary advice. Approximately one-third of subjects reported receiving dietary instructions to restrict intakes of calories and/or sodium. Physicians instituted these restrictions more frequently than did nurses. Few patients were referred to the dietitian for advice on these diets. Multivitamin and iron supplements were prescribed routinely. Three-quarters of subjects made at least one visit to the nutrition service, generally early in their prenatal care. For most subjects, this was their first experience with a dietitian. Nurses made considerably more referrals to the dietitian than did physicians. There would appear to be a need to educate other health professionals, especially physicians, on the advantages of more liberal diets and weight gain in pregnancy and on the special skills of the dietitian in promoting sound nutritional habits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional care in pregnancy: the patient's view. II. Perceptions, satisfaction, and response to dietary advice and treatment.

Ninety-two pregnant women attending the out-patient clinic of a major obstetrical teaching hospital were interviewed. Information on their perception of diet during pregnancy, response to dietary advice, and satisfaction with the type and amount of dietary information given was collected. Almost all subjects considered diet to be important during pregnancy. Prenatal dietary advice was perceived as somewhat restrictive, and for approximately a third of the subjects, compliance with dietary advice was a serious concern. Most subjects indicated making some dietary changes during pregnancy, usually as a result of the advice received. Poor compliance was reported with iron supplementation, and many of the women attributed adverse symptoms to this medication. Subjects appeared more satisfied with the amount than the type of dietary advice received, and negative or noncommittal attitudes toward nutrition services were expressed by half of the subjects. Feeling of guilt, attitudes of other professionals, and perceived difficulties of complying with dietary instructions were the major reasons given for these negative feelings. Rescheduling and better integration of nutrition services in the prenatal visit are suggested to improve patient satisfaction with dietary counseling.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nutritional care in pregnancy: the patient's view. III. Perceived need for advice and effectiveness of advice received.

Interviews were conducted with ninety-two pregnant women who attended the out-patient clinic of a major obstetrical teaching hospital. Information was obtained on the patients' perception of their need for dietary advice during pregnancy and selected demographic, nutritional, and medical care characteristics, as well as their response to, and satisfaction with, the dietary advice and treatment they received. The patients' perceived need for dietary advice appears to be an important factor in the apparent effectiveness of prenatal dietary counseling. Patients who expressed a need for dietary advice were more likely to consider diet important during pregnancy, to have positive feelings toward nutrition services, to have visited the dietitian, and to report making changes in their diet because of the advice received. Little association was observed between demographic and medical care characteristics of patients or more objective measures of need for dietary advice and the patients' own perception of need. It is suggested that patients whose expressed need for counseling is at variance with objective measures are a group requiring special attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Religious variables are infrequently reported in clinical research.

BACKGROUND: More than 200 published studies have found some relationship between an individual's religion and health, yet reference to religious variables rarely appears in published empirical studies. METHODS: We performed a manual search of all articles reporting on human subjects in the 1989 issues of seven major medical journals to record and analyze religious and other demographic variables. RESULTS: Only 12 of the 1,066 articles (1.1%) mentioned religion, and eight of these mentioned only denominational affiliation. CONCLUSION: Most clinical investigators do not report on the religious variables of their subjects and thus may be missing important correlations.

Demography↗