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Biomedical subjects

R D Paegle

Publications and source records attributed to R D Paegle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and malignant lymphoma of the brain in a patient with immunosuppressive therapy.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and malignant lymphoma of the brain were noted at postmortem examination in a 68-year-old white woman who was treated with immunosuppressive agents after renal transplantation. The two diseases are not uncommon in patients with immunodeficiency, but their occurrence in the same patient is extremely rare. This association suggests the oncogenicity of papova viruses in man. However, no papovavirus was demonstrated in the tumor by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. The immunohistochemical staining of routine histology sections for the common antigen of polyomaviruses by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique is shown to be simple and specific for the detection of polyomaviruses in the demyelinated areas of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Videotaped vs traditional lectures for medical students.

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) provides medical departments with alternatives in instructional formats. Concern, however, has been voiced about teaching via TV because the medium itself might cause inattention. This study investigated whether TV will lower the test scores of medical students. Sixty-one students were randomly divided into two groups. The lecture (control) group received the information via traditional lectures, including use of 2" X 2" transparencies. The video group received concurrently the same information via CCTV. Multiple-choice examinations were given after each of the six sessions. The cumulative mean scores were similar: lecture group=87.56%, video group=87.99%, i.e., no significant difference (P=0.77). To detect attitudinal differences toward the two formats, the students were surveyed at the end of the series and intragroup agreement on specific questions was calculated. The students rated the lecture format more highly. In response to the question 'Did the audiovisual materials used by the instructor aid your learning?', the mean rating from the lecture group was 7.37 (scale of 0-9) compared to a mean rating of 5.93 from the video group (P < 0.0003).

Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
PubMed1980

Patients in the dark about pathologist functions.

Pathologists are little known to the public. In a day when each dollar for health care is so closely scrutinized, such a lack of understanding may lead to lack of support for our profession. Early this year, outpatients at the Milwaukee County Medical Complex in Wisconsin answered questions concerning laboratory tests, medical laboratories, and pathologists. The results revealed a severe lack of knowledge about pathologist functions, and, according to the authors, illustrates well the need for patient and public education about medical laboratory services. The results of the survey presented here were used in creating an educational videofilm, prepared within the Department of Pathology of the Medical College of Wisconsin, which was shown during the recent National Medical Laboratory Week in the same outpatient laboratory where the polling occurred.

Awareness↗
PubMed1979

Polishing your specimen presentation skills.

While admitting that the need to avoid error in displaying specimens during conferences is obvious, the author recognizes that the problems, despite their obviousness, persist. Here, he offers pointers on how to improve the presentation of specimens during both live conferences and TV presentations.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1979

Say it audiovisually to physicians, patients, and the public.

The Department of Pathology at the Medical College of Wisconsin has, in addition to the medical school's central TV facility, its own closed circuit TV equipment. Here, the authors recall the initial reaction of laboratory personnel to the system, and they explain the many ways in which the equipment has been used since its installation.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1978

Physical characteristics of and rates of nitrous oxide diffusion into tracheal tube cuffs.

Physical characteristics and time-related volume changes in air-inflated tracheal tube cuffs exposed to nitrous oxide were measured in an environmental chamber. Cuff wall diameter, thickness, residual volume, and length were also measured. Gas volumes in most air-inflated tracheal tube cuffs increased 1.7 to 7 ml within 30 min of exposure to pure nitrous oxide. Diffusion rates into most cuffs varied inversely with cuff thickness and directly with the partial pressure of nitrous oxide. There were significant differences in diffusion rates among cuffs of the same composition with different densities or porosities as well as among cuffs of different compositions. Cuff diameters ranged from 13.8 to 32 mm; thicknesses from .033 to .55 mm; residual volumes from .22 to 19.4 ml; lengths from 23.1 to 49.1 mm. Intracuff volume and pressure increase related to gas diffusion into air-inflated cuffs should be periodically adjusted or pressure automatically controlled during nitrous oxide anesthesia. Large-diameter, thin-walled cuffs are recommended.

Air↗
PubMed1978

Underutilization and misuse of audiovisual modes of communication by senior faculty.

Guest lectures by 10 chairmen of medical school departments, five professors, and five associate professors were videotaped. Their means of communication were than analyzed in detail. The faculty did best when using the written word for lecture synopses. The majority misused or underutilized audiovisual methods at least part of the time. A number of basic mistakes were made during slide presentations, including intermixing of illegible slides with very clear ones. All of the speakers projected still photos (slides) but relied very little on movie films and videotapes. The sampling reported here implies that audience preferences and needs are not being met well by some faculty members, who may benefit from workshops or other training in audiovisual modes of communications.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1976

Microbial flora of the larynx, trachea, and large intestine of the rat after long-term inhalation of 100 per cent oxygen.

Effects of long-term inhalation of 100 per cent oxygen on the microbial flora of the rat larynx, trachea, and large intestine were studies. Rats were kept 14 days in an atmosphere of 100 per cent oxygen after being conditioned to high oxygen concentrations by exposure to three cycles of 100 per cent oxygen (two days) alternating with 40 percent oxygen (two days). Controls were kept under similar conditions in normal atmosphere. Rats were sacrificed, and at necropsy laryngotracheal swabs and fecal material from the large intestine were obtained and cultured for bacteria and fungi. Streptobacillus moniliformis, the predominant microorganism in the upper tracheas of controls, was not isolated from the oxygen-treated rats. Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus and Staphylococcus albus were present in control rats, but were found less frequently in rats exposed to oxygen. Pseudomonas and Proteus, infrequently isolated from controls, were predominant and sometimes the only microorganisms isolated from oxygen-treated rats. The data indicate that prolonged exposure of the rat to 100 per cent oxygen shifts the microbial flora in the upper respiratory tract from mainly gram-positive to mainly gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the microbial flora in large intestines of control and oxygen-treated rats. The possibility that similar changes may occur in man should be considered when prolonged oxygen therapy is contemplated.

Animals↗