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Biomedical subjects

R D Price

Publications and source records attributed to R D Price.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Geomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from Pappogeomys and Zygogeomys pocket gophers (Rodentia: Geomyidae) in central Mexico.

Descriptions and illustrations are given for 13 previously described species and subspecies of Geomydoecus and four new subspecies: G. mexicanus Price and Emerson (type host: Pappogeomys merriami saccharalis (Nelson and Goldman], G. perotensis perotensis Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. estor (Merriam], G. p. irolonis Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. irolonis (Nelson and Goldman], G. traubi Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. merriami (Thomas], G. fulvescens Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. fulvescens (Merriam], G. coronadoi coronadoi Barrera, n. status (type host: P. m. estor), G. c. submerriami, n. ssp. (type host: P. m. merriami), G. c. saccharalis, n. ssp. (type host: P. m. saccharalis), G. merriami Price and Emerson (type host: P. tylorhinus planiceps (Merriam], G. veracruzensis Price and Emerson (type host: P. m. fulvescens). G. polydentatus polydentatus Price and Emerson, n. status (type host: P. zinseri (Goldman], G. p. angustirostris, n. ssp. (type host: P. t. angustirostris (Merriam], G. mcgregori Price and Emerson (type host: P. fumosus (Merriam], G. wernecki wernecki Price and Emerson, n. status (type host: P. zinseri), G. w. planiceps, n. ssp. (type host: P. t. planiceps), G. alcorni Price and Emerson (type host: P. alcorni Russell), and G. trichopi Price and Emerson (type host: Zygogeomys trichopus trichopus Merriam).

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Reduction of adverse drug reactions by computerized drug interaction screening.

Computerized drug-interaction screening systems (CDISS) have been developed as a tool to help decrease the enormous morbidity and expense related to adverse drug interactions. In previous studies the CDISS was used primarily by pharmacists in hospital settings to screen for interactions after the prescription had been written. This study tests the feasibility of family physicians using CDISS before writing the prescription to allow for changes in the prescription while the patient is still in the office. In a 30-day period, 103 patients were screened by family physicians for potential drug-drug, drug-alcohol, and drug-food interactions. Potential drug interactions of varying clinical significance were detected for 71 patients (68.9 percent). The prescription plan was changed for 16 patients (15.5 percent) as a result of using the CDISS. Participating physicians reported that they gained new information in 45.8 percent of the patient encounters, that their awareness of the potential for drug interactions was heightened by participation in this study, and that their exposure to the CDISS was worthwhile as an educational tool. While a few problems, mainly logistic, were noted with the CDISS as used in this study, the authors conclude that with modifications a CDISS can be of great educational and clinical value to the family physician and his or her patients.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning theory and knowledge structures in computer-aided instruction.

The development of computer-aided instructional (CAI) systems suffers from a lack of a cohesive theory of learning--how do students acquire and store knowledge? From studies of computer systems that learn and tutor, we can infer generic activities that appear to be integral parts of the learning process, such as aggregation, clustering, characterization, and storage for later retrieval. Learning is faster and more efficient if the goal of a task is made explicit. Hints should be given with the correct timing in relation to an objective so that students can advance in their own problem-solving strategies with the prerequisites in mind. The general form of a rule should usually be taught first, followed by exceptions and special instances. We review theories of learning associated with CAI that illustrate the classification of different types of knowledge. Rule-based (if-then) knowledge forms are represented in these theories, as are declarative and causal knowledge structures. Extracting the common themes from different classifications of knowledge may help us create better CAI.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of teaching and learning principles to computer-aided instruction.

Many authors of software providing computer-aided instruction (CAI) have no background in educational theories. This paper reviews teaching theories and ways in which instructional principles can be applied to CAI. While the lecture form of teaching has often been maligned, there are techniques for enhancing lectures that can also apply to CAI. Effective communication methods, both verbal and audiovisual, are as important in computer modules as they are in face-to-face teaching. The quality of interactive questioning and the nature and timing of feedback are critical to the success of instruction by computer. Appropriate feedback can improve retention, as can the use of proper distractors in multiple-choice questions. We present steps for developing a CAI learning module based on established principles of teaching and learning, as well as proper identification of educational goals.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗