Biomedical subjects

R D Reid

Publications and source records attributed to R D Reid.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

Versatile precursor to ruthenium-bis(phosphine) hydrogenation catalysts.

The known complex trans-RuCl2(NBD)Py2 (1, NBD is norbornadiene, Py is pyridine) reacts with either (R)-BINAP ((R)-2, 2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl), (S;S)-Chiraphos ((2S;3S-(-)-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane), (S;S)-Skewphos ((2S;4S)-(-)-2,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane), (R)-(S)-Josiphos ((R)-(-)-1-[(S)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethyl-dicyclohexylpho sphine), (R;R)-Norphos ((2R;3R)-(-)-2, 3-bis(diphenylphosphino)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene), or (R;R)-Me-DUPHOS ((-)-1,2-bis((2R;5R)-2, 5-dimethylphospholano)benzene) to generate in high yields the crystalline complexes trans-RuCl2(P-P*)Py2 (P-P* is the corresponding chiral bis(phosphine)). The complexes trans-RuCl2(P-P*)Py2 are active enantioselective hydrogenation catalysts for ketoesters and noncarboxylic olefins in the presence of small amounts of HBF4 (aq.). They are active for hydrogenation of carboxylic substrates in the presence of Et3N. Reaction of trans-RuCl2(P-P*)Py2 with (rac)-1,2-diphenylethylene-diamine (N-N*, either enantiomer) forms in good yields the corresponding compounds trans-RuCl2(P-P*)(N-N*). Representative hydrogenations with these catalysts are presented.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1999

Is telephone counselling a useful addition to physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy in helping patients to stop smoking? A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the incremental efficacy of telephone counselling by a nurse in addition to physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy in helping patients to stop smoking. METHODS: The trial was conducted at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute. A total of 396 volunteers who smoked 15 or more cigarettes daily were randomly assigned to either of 2 groups: usual care (control group) and usual care plus telephone counselling (intervention group); the groups were stratified by sex and degree of nicotine dependence. Usual care involved the receipt of physician advice on 3 occasions, self-help materials and 12 weeks of nicotine replacement therapy. Telephone counselling was provided by a nurse at 2, 6 and 13 weeks after the target quit date. Point-prevalent quit rates were determined at 52 weeks after the target quit date. RESULTS: The point-prevalent quit rates at 52 weeks did not differ significantly between the control and intervention groups (24.1% v. 23.4% respectively). The quit rates did not differ significantly at the secondary measurement points of 4, 12 and 26 weeks. INTERPRETATION: Brief physician assistance, along with nicotine replacement therapy, can help well-motivated smokers to quit. Three additional sessions of telephone counselling by a nurse were ineffective in increasing quit rates. This form of assistance may be useful in the absence of physician advice or when self-selected by patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Socioeconomic factors and social support.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Why don't they stay changed?

The multifactorial nature of cardiovascular disease means that preventive efforts often stress a variety of complex behavioural capabilities (eg, increasing physical activity, changing eating habits, quitting smoking, practising stress reduction techniques). A variety of theoretical models have been suggested to help explain and predict health behaviours; however, social cognitive theory provides one of the most comprehensive frameworks for understanding human behaviour. Important constructs of social cognitive theory that relate to the initiation and maintenance of behaviour change are reviewed here, including perceived threat, behavioural capability, expectancies, interdependence and environmental influence. Suggestions about how these constructs may be applied in health practice are provided.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed1989

Arterial oxygen desaturation following intravenous injection of midazolam.

The water soluble benzodiazepine derivative, midazolam, is used almost exclusively at our institution to produce sedation for numerous surgical procedures. Mild arterial oxygen desaturation has been reported in patients who have received as little as .04 mg/kg. A time series design study was undertaken to determine if there was any correlation between the decline in arterial oxygen percent saturation (SaO2) and the time at which sedation occurred and to establish the presence of any statistical significance in this decline. Thirty-one ASA I and II patients consisting of 8 females and 23 males requiring various minor orthopedic and general surgical procedures were studied. The total mean age of the population was 32.29 +/- 12.43 years (mean +/- SD). Fourteen patients had a smoking history, while 15 patients did not (2 patients were eliminated from the study for failure to demonstrate sedation, as characterized by either Verrill's sign or thickened speech following intravenous administration of midazolam). All patients arrived in the operating room unpremedicated and were administered .04 mg/kg midazolam intravenously. Arterial oxygen saturation was measured over a 10-minute period using pulse oximetry. Results were analyzed using regression analysis, a t-test for independent groups, and a one-way analysis of variance. There was no statistically significant difference in the decline in SaO2 between smokers and nonsmokers. Our study has shown that the mean onset of sedation using a dose of .04 mg/kg occurred between 3 and 4 minutes, with the peak fall in SaO2 occurring at the 3-minute interval irrespective of smoking history. The greatest mean drop in SaO2 was 95.84%. Midazolam, like its parent drug, diazepam, alters ventilatory mechanics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1985