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Biomedical subjects

R D Reynolds

Publications and source records attributed to R D Reynolds.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effect of coronary artery ligation on the pharmacokinetics of N-acetylprocainamide in dogs.

The effect of ligation of the left anterior descending and septal coronary arteries on the distribution of N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) was studied in 13 mongrel dogs. The animals received a rapid i.v. infusion of 20 mg/kg NAPA.HCl. In 6 dogs the arteries were ligated simultaneously 10 min after administration of the drug. The other dogs received the same dose without anesthesia or surgery and served as control. Coronary ligation procedure resulted in a significantly higher initial plasma concentration of NAPA, presumably because of a significant decrease in the apparent volume of central compartment. The biologic half-life, the apparent volume of distribution and the total clearance of the drug remained unchanged in both groups of animals. The results of this study suggest that while the pharmacokinetics of elimination of NAPA remain unchanged, the distribution and the effective plasma concentration might be altered by the coronary ligation procedure under anesthesia.

Acecainide↗
PubMed1980

Possible gonadal mosaicism in a family with hemoglobin Köln.

A brother and sister were the first members of a family to possess hemoglobin Köln (alpha 2 beta 2(98) Val leads to Met). Studies of these siblings and their parents strongly indicated that the anomaly had arisen by spontaneous mutation. Gonadal mosaicism of one of the parents offers the best explanation for the appearance of a spontaneous mutation in multiple members of a sibship.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

N-acetylprocainamide and ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation in the dog.

Open-chest dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital were treated with saline or N-acetylprocainamide (20 mg/kg, i.v.) 10 min prior to simultaneous ligation of the left anterior descending and septal coronary arteries. Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 20 of 26 control dogs but in only 6 of 15 dogs treated with N-acetylprocainamide (P less than 0.05). Since N-acetylprocainamide significantly reduced spontaneous heart rate this may have contributed to its antifibrillatory effect.

Acecainide↗
PubMed1979

Prolonged survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report.

A patient with long-standing chronic lymphocytic leukemia with both humoral and cellular immunodeficiency had lymph node receptor evidence of a B lymphocyte disorder. He was also found to secrete the Epstein--Barr virus and, late in his illness, developed a markedly positive antinuclear antibody. Interrelationship of these findings may be important in the ultimate determination of the etiology and functional mechanisms in lymphocyte malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the arrhythmogenic effect of myocardial infarction in the cat and dog.

Myocardial infarction was produced in dogs and cats by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Arrhythmia was present in dogs but not in cats 6 to 48 h after occlusion. The absence of arrhythmia in cats was not due to persistent myocardial depressant effects of anaesthesia administered during surgery. Studies in cats with surgically-induced heart block revealed multiple ventricular pacemakers but no change in average ventricular rate following coronary occlusion. These results suggest that sinus overdrive, although not elevated compared with the dog, is sufficient to suppress arrhythmia in the cat. Further, since small dogs developed significantly less arrhythmia than large dogs, heart size may be an additional factor in explaining the absence of arrhythmia in the cat.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effects of dietary vitamin B6 on the in vitro inactivation of rat tyrosine aminotransferase in host liver and Morris hepatomas.

Control rats or rats bearing Morris hepatoma 5123C (intact), 5123C (adrenalectomized), 7794A, 7800, 8999, 9121, or 9618A were fed a purified diet either deficient or adequate for vitamin B6. The concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in the plasma, host livers, and hepatomas was determined, as well as the in vitro rate of inactivation of induced tyrosine aminotransferase in homogenates of host livers and hepatomas. The results demonstrated the presence of a cysteine-independent inactivating system for tyrosine aminotransferase in hepatomas 5123C (adrenalectomized), 7800, 8999, and 9121. Only in hepatoma 9121 was there a dramatic influence of the dietary vitamin B6 on the rate of cysteine-independent inactivation. A cysteine-dependent inactivating system for the enzyme was present in all host livers and hepatomas. The rate of this in vitro inactivation for both host livers and hepatomas apparently was a function of the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate, but inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase occurred at a significantly lower concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in the hepatomas than in the host livers.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Combination modality therapy in lung cancer: a survival study showing beneficial results of AMCOF (adriamycin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, oncovin and 5-fluorouracil).

Thirty-seven patients with advanced or recurrent lung cancer were randomized to cytoxan (CTX) alone, COMF (CTX, oncovin, methotrecate and 5-FU) or AMCOF (adriamycin, methotrexate, CTX, oncovin and 5-FU) after receiving radiation therapy to primary and bulky tumor sites. Median survival was 3 months for CTX, 6 months for COMF and 14 months for AMCOF. Analysis of those with cell (small cell) carcinoma showed median survival of 8.5 months. Oat cell cases treated with CTX survived 5 months (8 patients) with COMF 7.5 months (15 patients) and with AMCOF 13 months (14 patients). The median survival of those with adenocarcinoma or epidermoid carcinoma treated with CTX survived 3 months, with COMF 6 months and with AMCOF 15.5 months. Toxicity was moderate though no life-theatening toxicity developed in spite of the protocol design of escalation to achieve some degree of hematologic toxicity in all patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Lung cancer as a second primary.

An unusually high association of other primary cancers (9.7%) was found during the analysis of 403 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the lung diagnosed at DGMC between 1960 and 1975. Incidence by stage included 17.3% for Stage I (75 cases) and 16.9% for Stage II (59 cases). Median survival by stage was not adversely affected by the associated malignancy. Incidence by histologic type was 15.6% for adenocarcinoma (132 cases), 7.7% for epidermoid (130 cases), 1.5% for oat (small cell) (67 cases), 12.5% for large cell (40 cases) and 11.8% for undifferentiated anaplastic type (34 cases). Of 31 cases of Stage I adenocarcinoma, 9 (29%) had second malignancies. Both adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma exhibited decreasing association of second malignances with increasing stage of lung cancer. The head and neck region was the location of the nonlung malignancy in 22 cases and the GU system in 11 cases. Two cases each of colon carcinoma and basal cell skin carcinoma were found and there was one case each of carcinoma of the pancreas, lymphoma and melanoma. The diagnosis of lung cancer was made first in only 3 instances. The appearance of solitary nodules in patients with known malignancy should receive strong consideration for vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Future studies should consider carcinogenic stimuli that may be common etiologic factors in both malignancies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Spontaneous heart rate, propranolol, and ischaemia-induced ventricular fibrillation in the dog.

Abrupt coronary occlusion was performed in anaesthetised, open-chest dogs with pre-occlusion arterial blood PO2 ranging from 8.0 to 10.7 kPa (60 to mmHg). Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 15/19 dogs with high spontaneous heart rate (less than 155 beats.min-1) and in 0/8 dogs with low spontaneous heart rate (less than 155 beats.min-1). Dogs with low spontaneous heart rate fibrillated when paced at a fast rate (200.min-1) (4/5). In dogs with high spontaneous heart rate fibrillation occurred in 0/5 dogs when propranolol reduced spontaneous heart rate, but in 3/5 dogs when reduction in spontaneous heart rate in response to propranolol was prevented by pacing.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Loss of in vitro inactivation of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase with dietary vitamin B6 restriction.

Tyrosine aminotransferase, in the presence of 8 mM L-cysteine, is inactivated in incubated liver homogenates prepared from normal rats, but not in those from rats deprived of vitamin B6. In this study we fed rats a diet deficient in vitamin B6 to determine the length of time required for in vitro inactivating activity to be lost from liver homogenates. After 2 weeks, the half-life of tyrosine aminotransferase in liver homogenates from vitamin B6-deficient rats was 5.9 hours, and from control rats, 1.8 hours. After 3 weeks, tyrosine aminotransferase was no longer inactivated in homogenates prepared from livers of deficient rats. The pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentration of plasma from rats fed the vitamin B6-deficient diet dropped from 89 ng/ml to 14 ng/ml after 1 week and to 7 ng/ml after 2 weeks. In 5 weeks the PLP concentration of liver from vitamin B6-adequate rats increased from 2.9 microgram/g to 6.6 microgram/g while in deficient rats it dropped to 2 microgram/g. The loss of tyrosine aminotransferase inactivating activity in the livers of vitamin B6-deficient rats occurred at approximately the same time that the concentration of PLP in the livers of rats fed the two diets began to show marked differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr virus by patients with lymphoproliferative disorders and by recipients of renal homografts.

In an attempt to associate oropharyngeal excretion of Epstein-Barr (EB) virus with lymphoproliferative disorders other than infectious mononucleosis, we tested throat gargles collected from adult subjects for the EB virus. Nine (16%) of 55 healthy persons were positive. High EB virus-excretion rates were found among patients with active acute lymphocytic leukemia (6/6, 100%), among renal homograft recipients during the third to 12th month after transplantation (26/30, 87%), and among critically ill patients with leukemia-lymphoma (14/19, 74%). Moderately high excretion rates were found among patients with myeloma (7/16, 44%), patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (5/11, 44%), critically ill patients with solid cancers (15/37, 41%), and patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (8/21, 38%). Our data suggested that the higher than normal excretion rate is realted to the basic disease process and to the general health status but not to the duration of cancer chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗