PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R D Shtern

Publications and source records attributed to R D Shtern.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[An introduction to iatrogenic pathology].

The authors presented the current conception of iatrogenesis in wide interpretation consistent with The International Classification of the Diseases and Causes of Death (the IX revision). The tendencies in iatrogenesis determination are analysed. Soviet and foreign literature data published on iatrogenic variants, frequency rate, problems for pathologists, classification, medical-pathological and social aspects are delineated.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1987

[Seventy years of the Great October Socialist Revolution and the development of Soviet pathology].

In reviewing briefly the changes that have taken place during the past decade (1977-86) in the theory and practice of pathology and, in the theory and practice of pathology and, more particularly, in the Pathology Service within the overall Soviet Health care system, it should be noted first of all that this period has been productive with regard to both the practical work of the pathology departments in hospitals and the research activities of scientific institutions. Pathology is gaining importance as a basic biomedical discipline. Considerable successes have been scored in fundamental research not only by the central scientific institutions but also by laboratories for morphologic research and departments of pathology at educational establishments in most of the Union Republics. Many of such laboratories and departments are well equipped and conduct work at a high technological and methodological level in areas of high priority. The number of interdisciplinary research projects has increased. A series of monographs has been published, devoted to various aspects of methodology on medicine, to the relationship between form and function, or to a critique of erroneous theories. Scientific cooperation with pathologists of other Socialist countries has been expanding, as has the participation of Soviet pathologists at international congresses, symposia, and other meetings. An important achievement has been the establishment of a network of pathology departments of hospitals and of pathologic service bureaus. There is little doubt that these bureaus which have so far been set up on a pilot basis, will become an important component of the Pathology Service on which this will rely for research progress and for keeping abreast of technological developments. They are also called upon to promote better services in rural areas. The construction of new buildings for hospital pathology departments has been expanded, but the rate and magnitude of this activity cannot yet be regarded as satisfactory. Over the past decade, pathology laboratories at hospitals have become important diagnostic centers indispensable for accurate diagnosis of many diseases through examination of biopsy specimens, and they are now better equipped than before, although the improvements have been less spectacular than expected. The quality of postmortem and clinicopathologic analysis has improved. A notable event was the session of the Collegium of the USSR Ministry of Health devoted to the Pathology Service development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Armenia↗
PubMed1985

[History of the Red Army pathoanatomical service in World War II 1941-1945].

History of the rise of the pathology service in the system of the military-medical service of the Red Army is described and the arguments in favour of its necessity in the fighting troops are presented. The characterization of the goals of such a service is given, notably: an evaluation of the work of the military-medical establishments on the basis of a summarized clinico-anatomical analysis of pathology data, this allowing the heads of the military-medical service a rapid elimination of organizational and therapeutic-diagnostic defects of various stages of medical evacuation and improvement of the activity of the therapeutic evacuation centres; establishing the causes of death of the persons wounded or struck in the battles and evaluating the significance of the type, time, volume and shortcomings of the treatment in the fatal issue; studying the pathology of the war trauma, regeneration, the pathogenesis of infectious complications and influence on their development and course of the treatment, etc. The organizational structure of the service, its branches (front and army laboratories of pathology, department of pathology of big hospitals) working under the guidance of the Central Laboratory of Pathology (CLP), is described. The documents which were the basis of the work of these laboratories are characterized. An important merit of M.F. Glazunov and N. A. Krayevsky--chiefs of the CLP--in the organization and guidance, both practical and scientific, is noted. The main results of the activity of the service are briefly characterized.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1985

[Theoretical concepts of modern pathology (a critique of their medical philosophical foundations)].

Separation of theoretical pathology into an independent branch of science seems to be justified and creation of the Centre of Theoretical pathology in the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences is due and useful. As W. Doerr truly states, the theoretical pathology seems to be over the pathological physiology and general pathology, exerts additional functions, studies questions of the methodology in pathology, defines more exactly and analyzes the notion of disease, other concepts and terms, clarifies early preclinical and clinical disease manifestations, determines sociological and psychological factors of disease. However, we are not in full agreement with our colleagues from the FRG in the definition of "disease" and in the interpretation of such categories as "spirit", "soul", "psychic". K. Rotschuh' suggestion to consider the disease in terms of "body-soul" appears to be interesting but to be productive, it must be linked with the problems of medical psychology. W. Doerr and his colleagues support the dualistic concepts of human nature which is unacceptable for us; they claim that the understanding of the theoretical pathology essence is possible only on the basis of theleology and spirit (theology). As the highest commencenment on the way of the theoretical pathology recognition W. Doerr's categorical declaration that theoretical pathology based on the "gestalttheorie" returns scientists, as he writes" to their great delight, to the possibility of studying "spiritual essence of the disease". In W. Doerr's opinion, studying the concept of theoretical pathology "from the spiritual point of view" will ensure its brilliant future. Of course, we, Soviet pathologists and philosophers, do not reject the significance of the integrity theory in the meaning of the disease psycophysiological integrity, yet we decidedly reject any idealistic concepts. W. Doeer and his colleagues are right that the theoretical pathology stimulates the search of the approaches to the solution of complex biomedical problems, favours the creation of more precise definitions and terminology. Likewise, W. Doerr is right that he sharply condemns the attempts of some pathologists to substitute qualitative differences in pathological processes by quantitative ones; this may result, in his view, in one-sided erroneous conclusions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Communism↗
PubMed1984

[Current status of the problem of malignant lymphoma (on the centenary of the theory of malignant lymphoma)].

Malignant lymphomas (ML) differ from other neoplasms by an extreme variety of the morphological terms used for designation of different variants of these tumours and different terms are used to describe the same neoplasm. This resulted in the simultaneous use in different countries of not less than 6 ML classifications including the WHO histocytological classification (1976), which is not universally accepted. Kiel's classification of non-Hodgkin's ML (1974) is the most popular in the majority of the West and East European countries, in USA there is a similar classification by Lukes and Collins (1975). The "Working formulation of ML for the use in clinics" (USA, 1982) starts to be used, although it is simply a terminological compromise also containing certain faults. The historical review of the evolution of the ML concept is given starting from Th. Billroth' works (1883); the concrete examples are given illustrating the dynamics of the ML terms and evaluation of their nature. The singularity of the developmental steps of this concept is noted, in particular the "reticulosis era" (1923-1973). The dependence of ML estimate upon the existing, in a given period, schemes of hemopoiesis is pointed out. The data on the state of this problem in different countries are presented and the necessity of its joint discussion by pathologists and clinicians in order to work out the identical nomenclature for the designation of the same type of ML is outlined.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[The priority of Soviet scientists in defining stomach lymphomatosis].

The contents and circumstances of publication of the paper "Gastric Lymphomatosis" by M.F. Glazunov, S.A. Kalashnikov, and V.S. Bykov 18 years after it had been written and first submitted to the editorial board of the journal "Arkhiv patologii" are presented. The paper first describing gastric lymphomatosis in the USSR was submitted to the editors in March, 1964, approved but returned to the authors for insignificant corrections and additions, but because of a disease and death of one of the authors (M.F. Glazunov) was resubmitted after sorting out of M.F. Glazunov's scientific archives only in March 1982. The present publication of the contents and illustrations of the authors is aimed at determining their priority in the establishment of the diagnosis of gastric lymphomatosis in this country far back in 1964.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Legionnaires' disease (etiology, epidemiology, morphology and pathogenesis of "legionnaires" disease)].

A review of the world literature on the "Legionnaires' disease", an infectious disease which was designated in 1979 as "legionellosis" and described in three different clinicoanatomic forms is presented. These forms differ both in manifestations of the disease and in species of the causal agents, legionellae, united in a genus Legionellaceae. Particular attention in the review is paid to morphological lesions observed in legionelloses (macro- and microscopic, and ultrastructural). The necessity of a careful histobacterioscopic examination of tissues in suspected cases of legionellosis and additional crucial bacteriological and serological examinations is noted. Since in the majority of the observations the main pathological process was represented by pneumonia (pleuropneumonia with frequent abscessing), the main differential diagnostic features of legionellosis pneumonia and its differences from other similar infectious diseases are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Status of pathological anatomy in the socialist and people's democracy countries].

The state of pathological anatomy in the SRV, GDR, PPR, PRB, HRP, CSSR, SFRYu is described on the basis of the literature, and some information on the development of this science in the USSR is presented. The materials of the International Symposium of representatives of the Societies of pathologists of the socialist countries (Berlin, March, 1979) have been used.

Communism↗
PubMed1981

[Lennert's lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy].

Clinico-anatomical features of two diseases distinguished recently from the large group of long-known lymphoproliferative diseases: Lennert's lymphoma designated also as lymphogranulomatosis X and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, are described. Typical morphological features and clinical signs of each diseases are presented and similarity of many of them is noted which gives ground to consider some cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and its variant, immunoblastic lymphadenopathy to be equivalents of some observations classified as Lennert's lymphoma. Frequent malignization of the processes and their transformation into immunoblastic lymphoma is noted especially. Further ways for the study of this problem are outlined and the main approaches for differential diagnosis of the described nosological forms, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are indicated.

Aged↗