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Biomedical subjects

R D Zachman

Publications and source records attributed to R D Zachman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The growth and development of low birth weight infants receiving intensive neonatal care. Preliminary observations on 28 such infants.

This study reports the growth and development of 28 survivors who had a birth weight of less than or equal to 1,000 g and were cared for at a Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Only eight (30%) had neurologic abnormalities including spastic hemiparesis, retrolental fibroplasia, hydrocephalus, motor retardation, and some delay in language skills. The other survivors had normal physical examinations and developmental progress judged by a variety of screening examinations up to age four years, three months. The average caloric intake during the first week was 61 kg/da, although over half never reached that level until day 4. Nearly all the infants have had standard growth patterns thus far.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

Vitamin A delivery in total parenteral nutrition solution.

Vitamin A delivery was studied in total parenteral nutrition as used for neonates. Although the data show that the patient receives more vitamin A than dictated by known needs or advised intakes, delivery to the patient is roughly one third of that which would be predicted from the initial intravenous solution composition. Adsorption of the vitamin to the chamber and tubing is the major factor in decreasing vitamin A administration to the patient. When evaluating nutrition techniques, documentation of nutrient delivery to the patient is essential.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Nasojejunal feedings in low-birth-weight infants.

Continuous nasojejunal and intermittent nasogastric feedings were compared in a controlled prospective study in 21 low-birth-weight infants. The groups were comparable in regard to period of gestation, birth weight, head circumference, and clinical findings. Cumulative weight gain, caloric and fluid intake, percent weight lost, blood chemistry values, and complications were used in evaluating the two groups. Upon completion of the 21-day study, N/J infants were found to have had statistically better weight gain, caloric intake, and fluid intake (p = 0.05-0.001) during the early part of the study. Weight loss was less in the N/J group (p less than 0.01). Neither group had abnormalities of blood chemistry or significant complications. It is concluded that N/J feeding in the low-birth-weight neonate is a safe, effective means of early nutritional intake, with advantages most pronounced during the first two weeks of life.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1975

Amniotic fluid lecithin to sphingomyelin ration of 3.5 and fetal pulmonary maturity.

The clinical outcome of 118 pregnancies assessed by amniotic fluid lecithin to sphingomyelin concentration (L/S) ratio within 2 days of delivery is presented. It has been observed that the critical L/S ratio for pulmonary function is 3.5 in that no infant born with an L/ S ratio greater than 3.5 has had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Below an L/S ratio of 3.5, the risk and severity of RDS is inversely related to the L/S ratio. An L/S ratio smaller than 3.5 has the same prognostic value in infants born between 30 and 34 weeks gestation as it has in infants born between 35 and 38 weeks gestation. Under these conditions the relation between L/S ratio and RDS is independent of gestational age.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1975

The enzymes of lecithin biosynthesis in human neonatal lungs. IV. Phosphorylcholine cytidyltransferase.

Phosphorylcholine cytidyltransferase, the enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of phosphorylcholine to cytidine 5'-triphosphate to form CDP-choline, was studied for the first time in human neonatal lung. The assay of product synthesis was linear for 10-20 min and up to 12 mg protein. The pH optimum was 6-6.5. The Km of CTP was 2.0 times 10- minus 3 M, and the Km of phosphorylcholine was 0.25 times 10- minus 3 M. The true Vmax was 10 nmol CDP-choline/mg protein/10 min. The enzyme was stable under frozen conditions. Oxygen had no apparent affect on enzyme activity.

Choline↗
PubMed1975

Oxygen consumption in fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus (38590).

Oxygen consumption in fetal rabbit ductus arteriosus and descending aorta was studied after human umbilical artery tissue was used to standardize the technique. A steady state of oxygen consjmption persisted for 90-100 min after dissection, and a tissue dry weight of greater than 15 mg was necessary to obtain reliable data, necessitating pooling of rabbit fetal tissue from 25.75-26.5 day gestation had an oxygen consumption of 2.05 plus or minus 0.22 (4) mul oxygen/10 mg dry wt/hr, and at 27.5-29.5 it was 5.69 plus or minus 0.28 (7) (P less than 0.001). There was no change with gestational age in the oxygen consumption in the descending aorta (2.15 plus or minus 0.23 mul oxygen/10 mg dry wt/hr).

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Induction of choline phosphotransferase and lecithin synthesis in the fetal lung by corticosteroids.

Rabbit fetuses 23 to 24 days of gestation were injected with either 9-fluoroprednisolone acetate or saline. Three days later the lungs of steroid-treated animals showed a significant increase in lecithin concentration and cholinephosphotransferase activity. In addition, lung slices from these animals incorporated more [(14)C]choline into lecithin. The rise in enzyme activity and [(14)C]choline incorporation was blocked by prior treatment of fetuses with cycloheximide but not by treatment with actinomycin D. It is proposed that the corticosteroids induce de novo synthesis of the lung enzyme, which in turn leads to increased synthesis of lecithin through the choline incorporation pathway. Furthermore, it appears that the site of regulation involves translation of messenger RNA.

Animals↗