PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Dale

Publications and source records attributed to R Dale.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Psoriasis, psoriatic arthropathy and relapsing orbital myositis.

Orbital myositis is an inflammatory disorder of the orbital muscles causing orbital pain and restriction of eye movements. Although rare in children, it is most frequently seen after orbital trauma or as a post-infectious process. We describe a child with chronic relapsing psoriasis, juvenile psoriatic arthritis and relapsing bilateral orbital myositis.

Arthritis, Psoriatic↗
PubMed1999

TMD: it's our responsibility.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a reality. Surveys place the incidence at about 20-50%. For decades debate has raged as to whether this is a medical or dental problem. Scientific study of anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, and objective analysis with kinesiology, electromyography and sonography, along with case history all point to the same thing; occlusion affects the joint and the muscles. This is our profession's "crown jewel". We diagnose, construct and modify our patient's occlusion. It is about time we all agree, understand, take responsibility and start cooperating in preventing and treating this common malady that seriously affects the quality of life of many.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

TMD: it's our responsibility! Part Two.

Dentists modify and construct occlusions. This occurs on a daily basis in the disciplines of restorative, fixed and removable prosthetics and orthodontics. These procedures influence the TMJ, the muscles of mastication, the supporting structure of the teeth and the teeth as well. Dentists have an opportunity to not only objectively analyze how they all interrelate, but to create a physiological harmonious relationship. This will reduce a traumatic occlusion to one that is within the histological adaptive range for the tissue to accommodate. This knowledge can be applied to not only help patientsí pain and dysfunction, but to ensure confidence that dentists are not going to be responsible for iatrogenic results. The future of dentistry is not only being able to effectively deal with TMD but to prevent the problems. Management of mandibular whiplash and migraine headaches are also becoming our responsibility. Dentists are the specialists of occlusion. With the technology available to render this quality of care, they must fulfill their obligation to the public, take responsibility and continue to increase their capability. This approach to dentistry provides a new "window of opportunity" as its many applications have yet to be explored.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1994

Reducing the dose of depot neuroleptics in stable schizophrenia.

In order to determine the safety of reducing maintenance neuroleptic dose in long-term ambulatory schizophrenia, a step-wise depot reduction study was carried out on patients over a six month period. Doses were reduced by 1/8 of original approximately every two months for a total of three reductions. At the end of dose reduction and at six month follow-up, relapse rate was calculated. Relapse in this study was defined as the clinical decision to either increase neuroleptic dose or to hospitalize. Approximately 50% of the patients relapsed. There was no association with life events as measured by the Paykel scale. Where relapse occurred, it was usually seen subsequent to the second dose reduction. Patients who survived dose reduction had been maintained for a significantly longer period on depot neuroleptics and tended to suffer from a form of schizophrenia which required the co-administration of antidepressants. The findings show that, for a population on long-term depot medication, the risk of symptom exacerbation after gradual step-wise neuroleptic reduction is 50%. The results help to delineate which patients will fall into that 50%.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparative radioimmunotherapy using intact or F(ab')2 fragments of 131I anti-CEA antibody in a colonic xenograft model.

The therapeutic efficacy of intact and F(ab')2 fragments of a 131I anti-CEA antibody were compared in an established LS174T colonic xenograft model in nude mice. A single IV dose of either 0.5 mCi (18.5 MBq) intact or 1.0 mCi (37 MBq) F(ab')2 fragments significantly delayed tumour growth, and increased survival time to the same extent. Biodistribution studies showed that the more rapid clearance of the fragments from the circulation improved the tumour: normal tissue ratios found for the intact antibody, but reduced the duration and therefore absolute amount of radioantibody localisation (% injected dose/gram) at the tumour site. The tumours received a similar accumulated beta radiation dose, with 4,065 cGy from 0.5 mCi intact antibody and 4,500 cGy from 1.0 mCi F(ab')2 fragments. The dose rate to the tumour was initially higher for the fragments, but fell off more rapidly as clearance occurred. However, the rapid circulatory clearance resulted in a radiation dose of only 995 cGy to the blood, compared with 2,300 cGy for the intact antibody. This suggests that twice the radiation dose could be delivered to the tumour in the form of fragments for the same blood dose from the intact antibody. Fractionating the 1.0 mCi dose of F(ab')2 into three doses of 0.33 mCi (12.2 MBq), given on days 1, 3 and 5, significantly reduced the therapeutic effect of the treatment. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Soft drink consumption and urinary stone recurrence: a randomized prevention trial.

The object of this study was to determine if a strong association between soft drink (soda) consumption and recurrence of urinary stone disease, found in an earlier case-control study of adult males, had a causal component. The study sample consisted of 1009 male subjects, who completed an episode of urinary stone disease, who were aged 18-75 at that time, and who reported consuming at least 160 ml per day of soft drinks. Half of the subjects were randomized to refrain from consuming soft drinks, while the remaining subjects served as controls. The intervention group had an observed 6.4% advantage in actuarial 3 yr freedom from recurrence (p = 0.023 one-sided) over the control group. One important secondary finding was that for those who reported at the time of the index stone that their most consumed drink was acidified by phosphoric acid but not citric acid, the experimental group had a 15% higher 3 yr recurrence-free rate than the controls, p = 0.002, while for those who reported at the time of the index stone that their most consumed drink was acidified by citric acid with or without phosphoric acid, the experimental group had a similar 3 yr recurrence-free rate to the controls, p = 0.55. This interaction was significant, p = 0.019.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

The effect of second antibody clearance on the distribution and dosimetry of radiolabelled anti-CEA antibody in a human colonic tumor xenograft model.

Radioimmunotherapy in humans is limited by toxicity to normal tissues, caused by circulating radio-antibody. Second antibody directed against the first (anti-tumor) antibody accelerates clearance of first antibody from normal tissues, and may thus improve the therapeutic ratio. The effect of second antibody both on anti-tumor antibody distribution and on tumor and normal tissue radiation doses, has been investigated in nude mice bearing colonic tumor xenografts. Second antibody, given either 6 or 24 hr after the first, rapidly cleared circulating activity and reduced the calculated radiation dose to all tissues except the spleen, where it rose by 11 and 43% respectively. The dose received by the blood fell by 87% and 71%, while that to the tumor was reduced by 81% and 58%, after 6 or 24 hr second antibody. Administration of second antibody therefore improved the tumor to blood ratios. Tumor identification by gamma camera was greatly facilitated by the use of second antibody, and required no background subtraction. Results obtained from this system demonstrate the utility of second antibody in protecting normal tissues from prolonged circulating radioactivity during radioimmunotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1987

The new genetics: will it pay its way?

The number of genetic disorders detectable antenatally by the use of DNA probes has risen rapidly. The demand for diagnosis and termination of affected pregnancies in high-risk families is likely to increase as tests become more accurate and widely known. Each Regional Health Authority (RHA) must therefore urgently compare any financial savings to be made from a DNA diagnostic service with the cost of setting up and running a laboratory. There are great difficulties in conducting a formal cost-benefit analysis, but the pressing need for a cost appraisal made a more limited cost-savings approach necessary. This paper uses a broad-brush approach for all disorders and known costs for inpatient hospital care only. Despite the limitations of the method, in the two regions studied (North West and South East Thames) there would be clear savings at hospital level if a DNA screening laboratory were set up in each region. Funds released from treatment of genetic disorders could be used for other purposes. There are benefits to the families concerned, social service and educational savings, and other health service savings not considered here. On hospital costs alone there are benefits from the programme and wider consideration will make it more cost-effective. Once a programme is set up, new developments will make it even more cost-effective. It is concluded that RHAs should attach high priority to the setting up of such laboratories.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1982

Lipid analysis in non-fasting diabetics.

Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in diabetic and non-diabetic inpatients in the fasting state and at 1, 2, 2 1/2 and 3 hours after breakfast. No significant changes in these parameters were observed during this period. It is suggested that the use of non-fasting samples for lipid analysis in cardiovascular disease studies is feasible.

Adult↗