Dan Waldorf: the scientist and the man.
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Crime↗
Biomedical subjects
R Dembo
Publications and source records attributed to R Dembo.
Psychosocial, substance use, and delinquency differences among Anglo, Hispanic White, and African-American male youths entering a juvenile assessment center.
Using data collected on nearly 4,000 Anglo, Hispanic White, and African-American male youths processed at the Hillsborough County Juvenile Assessment Center, we examine their psychosocial, substance use, and other delinquent behavior differences. In extending the results of previous research in a manner consistent with the concept of relative deviance, significant differences in these variables are found across the three groups. Implications of the findings for theory, service delivery, and policy are also considered.
Adolescent↗
Review of E. Preble and J. J. Casey, "Taking care of business--the heroin user's life on the street, " International Journal of the Addictions, 4: 1-24 (1969).
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Anthropology, Cultural↗
Problems among youths entering the juvenile justice system, their service needs and innovative approaches to address them.
There is an urgent need to expand substance misuse and related services to address the multiple problems experienced by youths entering the juvenile justice system. In particular, innovative efforts are needed in which staff working with delinquent youths and their families are trained to provide treatment, and to link them with additional community services. We discuss a few of these programs and provide a focused bibliography for further use.
Adolescent↗
Development and evaluation of a classification of high risk youths entering a juvenile assessment center.
We report the results of developing and evaluating a classification of high risk youth entering a Juvenile Assessment Center in Hillsborough County, Florida, involving over 2,000 youths processed at the center during its first 8 months of operation. Cluster analysis of the youths' potential problems probed by the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers defined four groups. The usefulness of the typology was supported by a discriminant analysis and by recidivism information. The research implications of these results are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Examination of the reliability of the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) among arrested youths entering a juvenile assessment center.
The Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT) serves as a key aspect of the preliminary screening activities at the Hillsborough County Juvenile Assessment Center. We report on a reliability study of POSIT, involving an examination of the relationships between the youths' initial and second admission POSIT results for different time intervals between administration of the instrument. The results indicate the POSIT provides consistent indication of potentially troubled youths who are in need of in-depth assessment and intervention or treatment services.
Adolescent↗
A personal reflection on information control and agency failure: the case of the New York State Drug Agency, 1973-76.
This paper reviews some personal experiences as a researcher at the New York State University drug agency from 1969-70, and from 1973 to 1976, which offer a perspective into its operation and activities. In particular, the evaluation studies in which my staff and I were involved between 1973 and 1976 provide insight into the "misjudgment, mismanagement, and misrepresentation" (Inciardi, 1988, p. 547) that characterized the agency during this period. The agency's neglect to respond in a constructive manner to service delivery problems identified in these evaluation studies exacted a bitter price; and underscores the importance of agency maintenance of integrity in its various activities.
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical↗
On the poignant need for substance misuse services among youths entering the juvenile justice system.
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Adolescent↗
Predictors of recidivism to a juvenile assessment center.
We report the results of a study of the predictors of recidivism to a Juvenile Assessment Center in Hillsborough County, Florida, involving over 2,000 youths processed at the center during its first 8 months of operation. Consistent with previous research, younger aged youths, youths with abuse or neglect histories, with previous arrests for property, violence, or drug offenses, with potential vocational, leisure-recreation, and family problems, or who were arrested on property felony charges were likely to recidivate. The program activity and policy implications of these results are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Psychosocial, alcohol/other drug use, and delinquency differences between urban black and white male high risk youth.
Using data collected on 286 Black and White male youths entering a juvenile detention center, we examine differences in their psychosocial functioning, substance use, and delinquency/crime. Comparison is made on a wide range of variables, including sociodemographic characteristics, family problems, records of contact with the juvenile court, physical abuse or sexual victimization history, alcohol/other drug use, friends' involvement in substance use and crime, and emotional/psychological functioning problems. Implications of the results for understanding the youths' involvement in the juvenile justice system, and for the development of, and linkage with, appropriate services, are drawn.
Adolescent↗
The relationships among family problems, friends' troubled behavior, and high risk youths' alcohol/other drug use and delinquent behavior: a longitudinal study.
Data from an ongoing longitudinal study of juvenile detainees are used to test a structural model of the relationships among their alcohol/other drug use and other delinquent behavior, their family problems, and friends' troubled behavior. The hypothesized model fitted the data well. Implications of the results are drawn in regard to theory and program policy.
Adolescent↗
Cocaine selling among urban black and white adolescent males.
Data from a longitudinal study of juvenile detainees are used to examine the relationships between cocaine selling, substance use, and other delinquency among the Black and White males in the study. A descriptive comparison of rates of cocaine selling among the youths is followed by a descriptive comparison of prevalence of substance use and other delinquency across four subgroups: White and Black males indicating they sold and did not sell cocaine. These comparisons are followed by analyses of variance examining the relationships between involvement in substance use and other delinquency, and ethnicity, cocaine selling, and the interaction of ethnicity and cocaine selling. Important ethnicity and cocaine-selling effects are found, but not ethnicity by cocaine-selling interactions. The implications of our findings for theory and service provision are drawn.
Adolescent↗
Recidivism in a cohort of juvenile detainees: a 3 1/2-year follow-up.
We report some results from a longitudinal study of juvenile detainees. In extending previous analyses, we sought to determine whether the youth's alcohol or other drug use and their emotional/psychological problems at entry into the detention center predicted subsequent arrests for new offenses during the 36 months and 42 months following their initial interviews. Statistically significant relationships were found between the youths' demographic characteristics (age, race, gender) and cocaine use at initial interview (as measured by urinalysis), and recidivism. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Adolescent↗
A longitudinal study of the predictors of the adverse effects of alcohol and marijuana/hashish use among a cohort of high risk youths.
Data gathered from a longitudinal study of juvenile detainees in a Southeastern state are used to examine the demographic and life experience factors relating to their reported adverse effects of the use of alcohol and other drugs. The results indicate: 1) marijuana/hashish use, (2) their use of these substances tends to be a vehicle for the expression of personal difficulties in the areas of self-esteem and emotional/psychological functioning, and 3) their use of these two substances needs to be seen in holistic terms. Research and policy implications of the results are drawn.
Adolescent↗
The role of family factors, physical abuse, and sexual victimization experiences in high-risk youths' alcohol and other drug use and delinquency: a longitudinal model.
Our understanding of the adverse effects of early child physical and sexual abuse has developed to a point where there is need to elucidate the processes by which various developmental outcomes occur. Limited variability on key measures of family stress and in youths' drug use, other delinquent behavior and abuse histories in the general population has limited theory development. Using data from an ongoing, longitudinal study of juvenile detainees, we test a developmental damage model of the relationships among the youths' family background and problem factors, their sexual victimization and physical abuse experiences, and their substance use and delinquent behavior over time. The hypothesized model was supported by the data. Theoretical and policy implications of the results are drawn. In particular, early intervention with high-risk youths and their families is needed to address effectively their problems and troubled behavior before drug use and delinquent careers become firmly established.
Adolescent↗
A structural model examining the relationship between physical child abuse, sexual victimization, and marijuana/hashish use in delinquent youth: a longitudinal study.
A structural model of the relationships among physical abuse and sexual victimization experiences, marijuana/hashish use (measured by self-report and urine test data) and self-reported delinquent behavior (theft crimes, index offenses, crimes against persons, drug sales and total delinquency) over time was tested in a longitudinal study of juvenile detainees. The hypothesized model was supported by the data. Theoretical, research and policy implications of the results are drawn.
Adolescent↗
Juvenile crime and drug abuse: a prospective study of high risk youth.
Results from an ongoing, longitudinal study of juvenile detainees focusing on the relationship between their drug use and delinquency/crime, are summarized. Three hundred and ninety-nine youths were first interviewed in 1986/87, and 41 percent were found to be urine positive for recent drug use at the time of detention. We reinterviewed 305 of the youths approximately one year later, and found their drug use and delinquency persisted, and in some cases increased, over time. Treatment intervention is needed for the drug involved youths in the study to reduce their cycle of drug use and crime.
Adolescent↗
Recidivism among high-risk youths: study of a cohort of juvenile detainees.
We report some results from an ongoing, longitudinal study of juvenile detainees. Analyses were directed toward determining whether the youth's alcohol or other drug use and their emotional/psychological problems at entry into the detention center predicted subsequent arrests for new offenses. Statistically significant relationships were found between the youths' demographic characteristics (age, race, gender), referral history, reason for placement in the detention center, and cocaine use (as measured by urinalysis) and recidivism. However, the magnitudes of these relationships were low to moderate in value, suggesting that a longer follow-up period is needed to more meaningfully study this issue.
Adolescent↗