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Biomedical subjects

R Dolin

Publications and source records attributed to R Dolin.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Lymphocyte responses to herpes simplex virus isolates from patients with primary and recurrent herpes simplex genitalis.

The ability of herpes simplex (HSV) isolates from patients with herpes simplex genitalis (HSG) to induce lymphocyte transformation in cells from unrelated, healthy, seropositive donors was examined in a standard lymphocyte transformation assay. All HSV isolates were obtained, before the initiation of therapy, from patients who were enrolled in a placebo-controlled trial of acyclovir in the treatment of HSG. Isolates from patients with primary infections were used, as well as those from patients with frequent (eight or more episodes per year) or infrequent (two or fewer per year) recurrent disease. Blastogenic responses to isolates from patients with infrequent HSG recurrences were significantly less than those to isolates from patients either primary infections or frequent recurrences. No differences between the latter two groups of isolates were seen. These observations demonstrate that differences among naturally occurring HSV isolates exist as determined by this in vitro assay of host-virus interactions. Differences among strains may be important in the pathogenesis of HSV infections, particularly with respect to latency.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Controlled trial of oral acyclovir in the therapy of recurrent herpes simplex genitalis. A preliminary report.

A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of orally administered acyclovir in the treatment of patients with recurrent herpes simplex genitalis (HSG). A total of 107 patients from centers in Burlington, Vermont, and San Diego, California, were entered into the study within 48 hours of the onset of lesions. Patients who received acyclovir shed virus for 1.8 +/- 0.6 days (mean +/- SEM) compared with 2.8 +/- 1.2 days for those who received placebo. The duration of shedding from genital lesions of patients in the acyclovir-treated group was significantly less than from lesions of patients who received placebo (p = 0.016 by a logrank test). An analysis of the toxicity of the drug was performed in 52 of the study participants. Acyclovir was well-tolerated and no alterations were observed in measurements of bone marrow, liver, or kidney function. Orally administered acyclovir is a promising antiviral compound for the treatment of recurrent HSG.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1982

Retinofugal pathways from albino eyes embryonically transplanted to normal and albino axolotls.

Albino axolotl eyes were transplanted embryonically to normal and albino axolotl hosts. The animals were allowed to mature for several months and then their transplanted eyes were injected with tritiated proline. The projections from these albino eyes were compared with those obtained from similar transplants of normally pigmented eyes. Special attention was paid to the crossed and uncrossed components of the projections. No differences were found between normal and albino transplants. These results indicate that abnormal retinofugal crossing, which results from a lack of pigmentation in the mammalian eye, does not occur in the axolotl even when the fraction of retinal cells projecting ipsilaterally is experimentally increased by transplanting supernumerary eyes into embryos.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1982

Detection by immune electron microscopy of the Snow Mountain agent of acute viral gastroenteritis.

An extensive outbreak of acute gastroenteritis of unknown etiology occurred at Snow Mountain, Colorado, in December 1976. Virus-like particles, 27 nm in diameter, were observed by electron microscopy in two of five stool specimens from individuals in the outbreak. Oral administration of a filtrate from one of the specimens induced disease in nine of 12 normal volunteers. Experimentally induced illness was similar to that observed during the outbreak. Stool specimens examined by immune electron microscopy revealed 27-nm virus-like particles in three of nine ill volunteers at the onset of illness. When the particles were used as a source of antigen, increases in levels of serum antibody were demonstrated in persons with either experimentally induced or naturally occurring illness. Therefore, it is likely that this virus-like particle is the etiologic agent of the Snow Mountain outbreak. The Snow Mountain agent appears to be morphologically similar to, but antigenically distinct from, the Norwalk and Hawaii agents by immune electron microscopy and may represent an additional antigenic type among the agents that resemble the Norwalk particle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A population study of herpesvirus infections and HLA antigens.

In a population-based study of herpesvirus infection and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype, conducted during the period 1977-1979 in the Framingham Study cohort, HLA-Bw16 was found less often and HLA-Cw2 more often in individuals with histories of herpes labialis than in other individuals. Similarly, both geometric mean antibody titer to herpes simplex type 1 and proportion of individuals with detectable antibody were higher in those without Bw16 and in those with Cw2. No strong association was found between HLA and history of herpes zoster or titer to herpes simplex type 2, varicella-zoster virus or cytomegalovirus.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Pneumonic and nonpneumonic forms of legionellosis. The result of a common-source exposure to Legionella pneumophila.

Two male maintenance workers contracted legionellosis while cleaning the interior of a cooling tower contaminated with Legionella pneumophila. In one man severe, life-threatening Legionnaires' disease developed, whereas the other experienced a comparatively mild, self-limiting illness that was consistent with previous descriptions of cases of Pontiac fever. This report represents the first documentation of the development of both of these syndromes following exposure to a common source of the organism. The implications of this observation for the pathogenetic mechanisms that underly the different clinical manifestations of legionellosis are discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Herpes simplex encephalitis: vidarabine therapy and diagnostic problems.

To learn more about the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis with vidarabine, we conducted an uncontrolled study of 132 patients referred to 22 hospitals because of suspected disease. All had a brain biopsy and were started on vidarabine, but only 75 were diagnosed by isolation of virus from a brain-biopsy specimen. Cumulative mortality in the latter group was 39 per cent at one year. Other than therapy, levels of consciousness and age were the major variables that influenced outcome. Of 23 patients under 30 years of age who were lethargic at the initiation of therapy, two died and 16 returned to normal. Of 26 patients over 30 years of age who were lethargic at the outset, nine died and 10 returned to normal. Semicoma and coma were associated with worse outcomes, especially in older patients. Our data suggest that outcome is improved with treatment; they provide more support for the use of brain biopsy to diagnose the infection and indicate a need for better therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Development of suppressor T lymphocytes for Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-lymphocyte outgrowth during acute infectious mononucleosis: assessment by two quantitative systems.

A system of 3H-thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes in culture for 3 wk has been utilized for quantitative assessment of the ability of T lymphocytes to inhibit outgrowth of autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from EBV-seronegative individuals lack the ability to suppress outgrowth of autologous EBV-transformed B lymphocytes. This capability appears during the course of primary EBV-induced infectious mononucleases (IM) as the atypical lymphocytosis is subsiding and persists for years after recovery from primary EBV infection. The ability of T lymphocytes from EBV-seropositive subjects or convalescent IM patients to inhibit B-lymphocyte outgrowth is not HLA restricted. Thus, T lymphocytes capable of inhibition of in vitro EBV-induced B-cell outgrowth emerge during the acute stage of IM and may represent an important control mechanism of EBV-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation in vivo. The system provides a highly sensitive quantitative means for in vitro assessment of cell-mediated immunity to EBV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

New enzyme immunoassays for measurement of influenza A/Victoria/3/75 virus in nasal washes.

Nasopharyngeal (NP) washes from 12 patients experimentally infected with influenza A/Victoria/3/75 wild-type virus were tested in 2 newly developed enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) systems. Results were compared with infectivity titres of the NP wash specimens in rhesus monkey kidney-tissue culture. EIA detected A/Victoria/3/75 haemagglutinin antigen for more days than did culture. EIA is also rapid and easy to do in large numbers; hence it may have advantages over culture methods for the diagnosis of influenza infections and the investigation of influenza epidemiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Viral pneumonias.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1980

Influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) on a university campus.

An extensive outbreak of influenza caused by A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus occurred in February, 1978, at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, and the outbreak was studied by virus isolation, serology, clinical questionnaire and outpatient chart review. Among students who returned questionnaires, clinical attack rates were extraordinarily high (73.2% of those less than or equal to 23 years of age and 45.7% for those greater than 23 years (p less than 0.001)), and rates were higher in students who lived on campus (p less than 0.05). Employing the criterion of hemagglutination inhibition titer greater than or equal to 16, 89.8% of those less than or equal to 23 years of age had evidence of infection by March, 1978. Illness was generally mild, and no complications were reported. The extent and rapid spread of this outbreak suggested that only immunoprophylaxis or rapidly acting control measures such as chemoprophylaxis would be effective in this institutional setting with a highly susceptible population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

An outbreak of varicella-zoster virus infection among cancer patients.

An outbreak of varicella-zoster infection occurred among patients of the Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. Epidemiologic investigation suggested that the outbreak was due to two distinct types of disease. One type was acquired without previous exposure to other diseased patients and invariably associated with dermatomal lesions. The other, an a typical form, was associated with person-to-person transmission and equivocal initial dermatomal distribution and had an incubation period of approximately 11 to 25 days. Despite the diagnosis of zoster, the latter probably was varicella, occurring in patients who were immunodeficient because of disease, debility, and chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis with secondary person-to-person spread. Association with a viral agent.

In December, 1976, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred at a resort camp in Colorado. Data obtained by questionnaire from 760 persons indicated that 418 (55%) had had gastroenteritis at the camp or within a week of leaving it, with peak onset within a two-day period. Symptoms included vomiting (81%), diarrhoea (65%), and fever (49%); median duration of illness was twenty-four hours. The attack-rate increased with consumption of water or ice-containing beverages. The camp water supply was found to be inadequately chlorinated and contaminated by a leaking septic tank. Although routine laboratory tests did not reveal bacterial, viral, or parasitic pathogens, immune electron microscopy detected virus-like particles in two of five diarrhoeal stool filtrates. Oral administration of one of these bacteria-free filtrates to two volunteers induced a gastrointestinal illness similar to that observed in the camp visitors.

Camping↗
PubMed1979

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity following influenza infection and vaccination in humans.

Cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in circulating mononuclear cells from 31 volunteers challenged with live influenza A/Victoria virus, and 22 volunteers vaccinated with inactivated influenza vaccine, was examined employing target cells infected with several viruses by means of a 51Cr release assay. Effectors from infected volunteers, and from volunteers who manifested four-fold rises in serum HAI antibody after vaccination, demonstrated significantly elevated levels of cytotoxicity against targets infected with the homologous virus. Elevated cytotoxicity was seen by days 3 and 4 after challenge or vaccination and returned to baseline levels by day 9 to 10. In infected volunteers, cytotoxic activity was broadly directed, rising against targets infected with an antigenically distinct virus within the same influenza type (A), against targets infected with a serologically unrelated virus of a different influenza type (B), and also against cells infected with Newcastle disease virus, a paramyxovirus from another species. However, elevated levels of cytotoxicity were not observed when targets infected with herpes simplex virus, a member of an entirely different virus group, or when uninfected target cells were employed. In vaccinated volunteers, the rise in cytotoxicity was more restricted than after infection, since elevated cytotoxic activity was seen only against cells infected with the homologous virus and not against inflenza B-infected cells. Fractionation of mononuclear cell populations indicated that effector cell activity is associated with T-cell depleted fractions and can only partially be reduced by depletion of adherent cells. The rapid development, short duration, and broadly directed specificity of this cytotoxic response suggest that it may be involved in early events following acute influenza infection in humans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Decreased cell-mediated cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, directed against virus-infected tissue culture cells, was studied with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 12 matched, normal subjects in a 51Cr release assay. Baseline (preimmunization) levels of cytotoxicity against target cells infected with influenza A/Victoria, influenza B/Hong Kong, Newcastle disease virus, and herpes simplex virus were significantly decreased in patients with SLE compared to normal subjects (P less than 0.001), although serum antibody levels to the respective viruses were similar in both groups. After intramuscular administration of inactivated influenza A/Victoria vaccine, SLE patients failed to generate elevated levels of cytotoxicity against A/Victoria-infected cells, in contrast to normal subjects. SLE patients responded with levels of serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody which were similar to those of normal subjects. Thus, SLE patients manifest decreased cell-mediated cytotoxicity against virus-infected target cells, although humoral antibody responses appeared to be intact. Studies of SLE patients with influenza may help to define the role of cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of certain viral infections.

Adolescent↗