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Biomedical subjects

R Doyle

Publications and source records attributed to R Doyle.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The Roy Adaptation Model. Health teaching about osteoporosis.

1. Osteoporosis has an impact on quality of life and places a financial strain on the health care system. Occupational health nurses can play a key role in health education about osteoporosis because they have the most frequent contact with at risk persons. 2. The Roy Adaptation Model presents a holistic approach for assessment of persons at risk and allows for planning of nursing interventions. 3. A concerted effort must be made to ensure persons at risk engage in health promoting strategies to decrease the incidence of the disease.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Genetic relatedness of Legionella longbeachae isolates from human and environmental sources in Australia.

The genetic relatedness of Legionella longbeachae isolated in Australia since 1987 was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and allozyme electrophoresis. Three radiolabeled probes were used in Southern hybridizations for the RFLP studies. They were Escherichia coli 16S and 23S rRNA and cloned fragments of L. longbeachae selected empirically from genomal banks in lambda and a cosmid. The legionellae included in the study comprised 11 Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1 organisms isolated from humans, 28 L. longbeachae serogroup 1 isolates from environmental sources, and 3 L. longbeachae serogroup 2 environmental isolates. These were compared with the American Type Culture Collection reference strains of both serogroups and some other related Legionella species. Results of allozyme and RFLP analysis showed that all the isolates from humans and all but three of the environmental L. longbeachae serogroup 1 isolates were closely related. They were also closely related to L. longbeachae serogroup 1 ATCC 33462. There was wider variation among the three L. longbeachae serogroup 2 environmental isolates. One of these was closely related to L. longbeachae serogroup 2 ATCC 33484. RFLP studies with the rRNA probe provided the most discrimination among isolates but did not distinguish between the two serogroups.

Australia↗
PubMed1989

A meeting of minds.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1988

Surface electrodes in perineal electromyography.

In 40 elderly male patients undergoing multiple urodynamic evaluations, surface electrodes were used for recording electromyographic (EMG) activity of pelvic sphincter muscles; placement site was the external anal sphincter. The measured wave form was displayed as an analog plot. Different types of surface electrodes were evaluated in selected patients. The EMG wave form measurements varied with the type of surface electrode used and placement of the electrode. Surface electrodes for external anal sphincter EMG resulting in optimum signal response require a small metallic recording surface with an adhesive that will secure the electrode to the skin, proper anatomic placement of the electrode, appropriate preparation of the skin surface at the site of application of the electrode, and capabilities for oscilloscope monitoring of the sphincter EMG signal wave form. If properly used, surface electrodes result in a signal amplitude and frequency that approach the quality of concentric needle electrodes.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Usefulness of twice-daily isosorbide-5-mononitrate in preventing development of tolerance in angina pectoris.

Development of tolerance to nitrates during long-term therapy is a major concern. It has been suggested that isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5MN), an active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, administered twice daily 12 hours apart does not lead to development of tolerance. The duration of effects of IS-5MN at a dose of 20 and 40 mg and of placebo was studied in patients with angina pectoris who responded to nitrates after the first dose (n = 12) and after 1 week of twice-daily therapy (n = 9). The study was double-blind, randomized and crossover in design. Compared with placebo values, after the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, exercise duration was higher at 2 hours (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.02). After 1 week of twice-daily therapy at these doses, exercise duration increased at 2 hours (p less than 0.05) but not at 6 or 10 hours after the dose. After the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, standing systolic blood pressure decreased at 2 hours (p less than 0.02). Blood pressure did not change significantly after chronic therapy. Tolerance to antianginal effects during twice-daily therapy with 20 and 40 mg of IS-5MN developed despite higher plasma IS-5MN concentrations at 2 and 6 hours during twice-daily therapy than after the first dose. The tolerance during twice-daily therapy with IS-5MN was characterized by a reduced peak effect at 2 hours and shortened duration of action compared with first-dose effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Duration of effects and tolerance of slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate for angina pectoris.

Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5MN) is an active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, but unlike its parent compound, is nearly 100% bioavailable after oral administration. Once-a-day therapy with a slow-release formulation of IS-5MN is used widely in Europe for 24-hour prophylaxis of angina pectoris. In a randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the duration of effects of 50 and 100 mg of slow-release IS-5MN were evaluated after the first dose and after once-a-day therapy for 1 week in 9 patients with stable angina pectoris. Compared with placebo values, standing blood pressure decreased (p less than 0.001) and exercise time to the onset of angina and total exercise duration increased (p less than 0.008 and p less than 0.003) at 4 hours, but not at 20 or 24 hours after first dose of 50 and 100 mg of slow-release IS-5MN. After once-a-day therapy for 1 week, no improvement in exercise duration or reduction in ST-segment depression was seen after 50 or 100 mg of slow-release IS-5MN at 4, 20 or 24 hours despite high plasma IS-5MN concentrations. Thus, despite therapeutic plasma concentrations, 50 and 100 mg of slow-release IS-5MN did not exert antianginal or anti-ischemic effects at 20 and 24 hours after the first dose and at 4, 20 and 24 hours after sustained once-a-day therapy for 1 week.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Isosorbide-5-mononitrate in angina pectoris: plasma concentrations and duration of effects after acute therapy.

In a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, the duration of effects of single oral doses of 20 and 40 mg isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5MN) and matching placebo were studied in 12 male patients with angina pectoris. Plasma IS-5MN concentrations (mean +/- SD) 2 and 6 hours after administration were 300 +/- 60 and 144 +/- 43 ng/ml after 20 mg IS-5MN and 551 +/- 191 and 376 +/- 129 ng/ml after 40 mg IS-5MN. Exercise time to the onset of angina 2 and 6 hours after administration increased after 20 mg IS-5MN (5.88 +/- 1.85; P less than 0.001 and 5.08 +/- 1.97 minutes; P less than 0.002) and 40 mg IS-5MN (6.17 +/- 1.88; P less than 0.001 and 5.78 +/- 1.72 minutes; P less than 0.001) in comparison to placebo (4.57 +/- 1.22 and 4.15 +/- 1.22 minutes). Similarly, total exercise duration increased at 2 (P less than 0.001) and 6 hours (P less than 0.002) after both doses of IS-5MN. Compared with placebo, ECG ST segment depression during exercise was less (P less than 0.05) 2 hours after both doses of IS-5MN. Thus single oral doses of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN exert antianginal and anti-ischemic effects for at least up to 6 hours.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Hysteresis of left ventricular end ejection pressure-dimension relations after acute pressure loading in the intact canine heart.

The left ventricular end systolic pressure-volume relation of the isolated canine heart is linear and independent of the loading conditions. The effects of acute pressure loading on the left ventricular end ejection pressure-length relations were studied in the intact canine heart. The lengths of two wall segments of the left ventricle parallel to the minor axis were measured with pairs of miniature piezoelectric crystals. At two levels of filling pressure, with and without control of heart rate, acute increases in left ventricular afterload were produced for six successive beats by occluding the thoracic aorta. After abrupt release of this occlusion, at left ventricular end diastolic pressure less than 10 mmHg, end ejection lengths were longer than before the occlusion for both segments despite the same or lower end ejection pressures. When heart rate was not controlled the mean(SD) difference in end ejection length was 0.46(0.21) mm (n = 100). When heart rate was controlled by atrial pacing after autonomic blockade the difference was 0.37(0.11) mm (n = 80). In contrast, at left ventricular end diastolic pressure greater than 10 mmHg there was no significant difference between end ejection lengths before and after release of the aortic occlusion. Gradual release of the aortic occlusion over 4-5 beats produced clockwise hysteresis of the left ventricular end ejection pressure-length relation when left ventricular end diastolic pressure was less than 10 mmHg. No hysteresis occurred when left ventricular end diastolic pressure was greater than 10 mmHg. Hysteresis of the end systolic pressure-dimension relation was also seen when major and minor axis dimensions of the left ventricular were measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Colonic bacterial flora and serum cholesterol: alterations induced by dietary citrus pectin.

The influence of dietary pectin on blood lipids and stool bacterial flora, enzyme activity, and physical properties was investigated. Fifteen grams of citrus pectin were added to the normal diets of 10 subjects. A decrease in serum cholesterol was observed after 2 wk of dietary supplementation, but was not statistically significant after the 3rd wk. Fecal bacterial flora was modified by pectin; anaerobic bacteria increased and aerobic bacteria increased. No change in stool bacterial 7 alpha dehydroxylase or cholesterol dehydrogenase activity was observed. The daily stool output, pH, and water content were not influenced by the addition of pectin to the diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Enzyme-linked lectinosorbent assay (ELLA) for detecting Bacillus anthracis.

An enzyme-linked lectinosorbent assay (ELLA) has been developed for the rapid identification of Bacillus anthracis. Using two different lectin-conjugates, the ELLA test can differentiate Bacillus anthracis from closely related species, such as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus var. mycoides, in approximately two hours. In addition to having high specificity, the test can also detect small numbers of the bacterium.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1984

Lectins in diagnostic microbiology.

Current literature suggests that lectins are becoming valuable reagents for the laboratory identification of infectious agents. The identification of bacteria, fungi, or protozoa may be confirmed if they bind to or agglutinate with certain lectins. Assay kits utilizing specific lectin agglutination reactions, coupled with conventional enzyme determinations, have been proposed for several bacteria. Factors such as specificity, stability, assay rapidity, and costs combine to make lectins attractive diagnostic reagents. It is likely that the use of lectins in diagnostic microbiology will continue to grow.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1980

Fiber and gastrointestinal microecology.

The gastrointestinal tract contains a unique microecology. Microorganisms living in the mouth, stomach, and most importantly in the small and large intestines produce enzymes which help metabolize certain ingested foods, as well as maintain important body homeostatic mechanisms such as the bile salt enterohepatic circulation. Recent awareness of the importance of poorly digested foods such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, and lignins, as well as selectively absorbed long-chain polysaccharides, has stressed the importance of the relationship of food to the microflora. This intestinal microecology has definite effects on the human host in cholesterol metabolism, glucose tolerance, and may explain such diseases as carcinoma. The exacting details of the intestinal microecology need further elaboration.

Bile Acids and Salts↗