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Biomedical subjects

R Drew

Publications and source records attributed to R Drew.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Hexobarbital pharmacokinetics in rats after ligation of the common bile duct.

Rats, with and without bile duct ligation (BDL), were injected with hexobarbital (i.p. and i.v.) and blood concentrations measured as a function of time. Analysis of these curves using a single-compartment model showed that BDL altered hexobarbital pharmacokinetics in a manner dependent upon the duration of BDL and the route of administration of hexobarbital. Clearance from the blood and the rate constant for elimination (K) were reduced after 72-hour BDL but not after 12-hour BDL. The absorption of hexobarbital after intraperitoneal injection was slowed by 12- and 72- hour BDL. Seventy-two-hour BDL also increased the volume of distribution of hexobarbital but only when the drug was administered intraperitoneally. These data are consistent with previously reported data showing impairment of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism after 72-hour BDL, but not after 12-hour BDL. We also confirmed earlier speculations that BDL decreased the absorption of intraperitoneally-administered hexobarbital, although this does not appear to be a significant factor in prolonging hexobarbital sleeping time.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The expediency of peritoneal lavage for blunt trauma in children.

Two hundred and thirty children, ten years of age or younger, suspected of having blunt abdominal injuries underwent diagnostic peritoneal lavage. Peritoneal lavage was 99.1 per cent accurate in determining the presence or absence of abdominal injuries. One patient had a false-positive peritoneal lavage. Sixty-nine of the 70 patients with blunt abdominal injuries, who underwent peritoneal lavage, had a positive peritoneal lavage; one patient had a false-negative peritoneal levage. Ninety-one per cent of the positive peritoneal lavages were grossly positive for hemoperitoneum. All 11 children with extraperitoneal abdominal injuries had positive peritoneal lavages from associated intraperitoneal injeries. The mortality for children with blunt abdominal injuries was 19.4 per cent. Intra-abdominal injuries were solely responsible for 29 per cent of the deaths and were a major contributing factor in an additional 21 per cent of the deaths. The routine use of diagnostic peritoneal lavage during the initial evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma was, in large part, responsible for the rapid, definitive treatment which -he children with abdominal injuries received. Sixty-five per cent of the children underwent exploratory laparotomy within one hour of admission to the hospital.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1975

A quantitative study of the distribution of IgG sub-classes in a group of normal human sera.

The radial immunodiffusion method of Mancini has been applied to quantitative study of IgG subclasses in a normal population. The method was assessed in terms of both reproducibility and antiserum consumption. The distribution of IgG subclasses in a group of normal individuals was studied, and compared with their incidence in a series of monoclonal proteins investigated by previous workers and particularly with other quantitative studies on groups of normal individual's sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The effect of Corynebacterium parvum therapy on immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass levels in cancer patients.

Detailed serological studies have been undertaken in a small group of cancer patients receiving nonspecific immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum). These patients included 4 cases of recurrent malignant melanoma, 2 of stomach cancer and 2 of recurrent breast cancer. They all received an initial i.v. infusion of 20 mg of a formol killed suspension of C. parvum followed by 2 mg (i.m.) at weekly intervals for 10-11 weeks. This protocol consistently resulted in an increase in the circulating IgG levels of all patients but had a variable effect on their IgA, IgM and IgE levels. Increases in the concentration of all 4 IgG subclasses contributed to the overall increase in IgG levels and these changes ranked IgG2 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG3 = IgG4. It also had an inconsistent effect upon the levels of alpha-macroglobulin in pregnancy but the levels of normal serum alpha2-macroglobulin were virtually unchanged. Pre-existing antibodies to C. parvum were noted in all the patients. Titres rose appreciably following C. parvum administration and remained at high, though fluctuating levels, throughout the 100-day period of observation. Absorption studies suggested that the development of antibodies to C. parvum accounted in part for the increased IgG levels noted following this form of therapy. The significance of these changes in relation to the possible anti-tumour effect of C. parvum is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of unilateral pneumonectomy on in vitro drug metabolism by the contralateral lung of rabbits.

The effect of unilateral pneumonectomy on the drug-metabolizing capability of the remaining lung of male rabbits was studied 3, 10, and 28 days after surgery. During the period of compensatory lung growth which follows pneumonectomy, the contralateral lung had a reduced ability to metabolize some model drug substrates. The activities of 4-chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase, glutathione transferase, and 4-aminobenzoate N-acetyltransferase were significantly decreased in pneumonectomizd animals relative to shamoperated controls at 10 days. By 28 days most of these parameters of drug metabolism had returned to control levels. Lung hydroxyproline concentration, an index of collagen, did not differ in pneumonectomized and control animals at any of the time points. 3-Methylcholanthrene failed to induce the pulmonary mono-oxygenase system in pneumonectomized animals. The response of pulmonary drug-metabolizing enzymes to unilateral pneumonectomy in rabbits was temporally and qualitatively similar to the response in rat liver following partial hepatectomy.

Animals↗