PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Duggal

Publications and source records attributed to R Duggal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Alkaline phosphatase activity in gingival crevicular fluid during canine retraction.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate alkaline phosphatase activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement in humans. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Postgraduate orthodontic clinic. Ten female patients requiring all first premolar extractions were selected and treated with standard edgewise mechanotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Canine retraction was done using 100 g sentalloy springs. Maxillary canine on one side acted as experimental site while the contralateral canine acted as control. OUTCOME MEASURE: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from mesial and distal of canines before initiation of canine retraction (baseline), immediately after initiation of retraction, and on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day and the alkaline phosphatase activity was estimated. RESULTS: The results show significant (p < 0.05) changes in alkaline phosphatase activity on the 7th, 14th and 21st day on both mesial and distal aspects of the compared experimental and control sides. The peak in enzyme activity occurred on the 14th day of initiation of retraction followed by a significant fall in activity especially on the mesial aspect. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that alkaline phosphatase activity could be successfully estimated in the GCF using calorimetric estimation assay kits. The enzyme activity showed variation according to the amount of tooth movement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Non-syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

Supernumerary teeth are common in the general population and occur more frequently in-patients with family history of such teeth. Multiple supernumerary teeth are associated with cleidocranial dyplasia and Gardner syndrome. However it is rare to find multiple supernumeraries in individuals with no other associated disease or syndrome. We describe the occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth in a family occurring as a non-syndromal trait. The autosomal dominant transmission of non-syndromal multiple supernumerary teeth is new.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Class-III malocclusion: genetics or environment? A twins study.

Etiology of class-III malocclusion is generally believed to be genetic. A wide range of environmental factors have been suggested as contributing factors for the development of class-III malocclusion. Twin study is one of the most effective methods available for investigating genetically determined variables of malocclusion. Discordancy for class-III malocclusion is a frequent finding in dizygotic twins. However, class-III malocclusion discordancy in monozygotic twins is a rare finding. The purpose of this study of monozygotic twins is to assess the genetic and environmental components of variation within the cranio-dento-facial complex.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed2004

Secondary bone grafting in cleft lip and palate with eruption of tooth into the graft: a case report.

Secondary bone grafting in cleft lip and palate patients is performed preferably before the eruption of permanent canine in order to provide adequate periodontal support for eruption and preservation of the teeth adjacent to the cleft. Presented here with is a case of unilateral cleft lip and palate, which was followed up from birth to 15 years of age. The role of an orthodontist in the team approach for management of such anomalies is described. Also discussed in detail is the entire range of treatment procedures the child underwent, especially the role of secondary bone grafting.

Alveoloplasty↗
PubMed2004

"Craniofacial and dental manifestations of a case of Proteus syndrome".

Proteus syndrome, which is a reference to the ancient Greek god Proteus, the Polymorphous, was called to the attention of pediatricians. Recognition of this syndrome has been difficult because of the variability of the syndrome's manifestations and because of its rarity. We describe a rare case of Proteus syndrome and we discuss its differential diagnosis. Our case presents with hemi facial hypertrophy, scrotal tongue, enamel hyperplasia as well as differential in the size of the dentition on both sides of the arch.

Child↗
PubMed2003

EEC syndrome--a case report.

EEC syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, distal limb anomaly, cleft lip and palate and ocular adnexia anomalies. A case report of a 10 year old female patient with EEC is presented and it is emphasised that management of these cases requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early diagnosis will allow parents to get accurate counseling and in particular obtain reassurance regarding the low risk of mental handicap.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Canine ectopia: report of two cases.

Transmigration of mandibular canine is a rare elusive phenomenon described in dental literature. The eruption of such transmigrated canines is even rarer. Two rare cases one of midline mandibular canine and the other of transmigrated mandibular canine across the midline and erupted distal to the opposite lateral incisor are presented. The transmigrated canine maintained its nerve supply from the original site. It is suggested that on routine evaluation of orthopantomograms when the dentist finds an excessive mesial inclination of the unerupted mandibular canine at 8-9 years associated with proclination of lower anteriors. increased axial inclination of the unerupted canine and an enlarged symphyseal cross section area of the chin, it is best to keep such a patient under routine evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Dentofacial characteristics in Apert syndrome: a case report.

Apert's syndrome is a developmental malformation characterized by craniosynostosis, a cone shaped calvarium, midface hypoplasia, pharyngeal attenuation, ocular manifestations and syndactyly of the hands and feet. The prodromal characteristic for the typical craniofacial appearance is early craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, cranial base and an agenesis of the sagittal suture. These craniofacial characteristics predispose the patient to maxillary transverse and sagittal hypoplasia with concomitant dental crowding, a pseudo cleft palate and a skeletal and dental anterior open bite. A case of Apert syndrome is presented with special emphasis on craniofacial characteristics and multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The differences between Apert and Crouzon's syndrome are highlighted.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed2001

Pulmonary pathology in patients with AIDS: an autopsy study from Mumbai.

OBJECTIVE: Although India has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, the associated pathologies responsible for morbidity have not been evaluated previously in a representative study. Hence, an autopsy study was carried out to analyse the spectrum of pulmonary lesions in patients with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: A retrospective and prospective autopsy study was carried out during 1988-2000 at Mumbai, India. Lungs from 143 adults, with at least 10 sections from each case, were examined using routine and special stains. RESULTS: The risk factors for 97 men (68%) and 38 women (27%) included: heterosexual sex with multiple partners (135 cases, 95%); blood transfusions (three cases; 2%); sex between men (two cases; 1%); and unknown risk factors (three cases, 2%). Pulmonary pathology was observed in 126 (88%) cases. The lesions identified were tuberculosis (85 cases, 59%), bacterial pneumonia (26 cases, 18%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (10 cases, 7%), cryptococcosis (eight cases, 6%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (seven cases, 5%), aspergillosis (four cases, 3%), toxoplasmosis (two cases, 1%), Kaposi's sarcoma (one case, 1%), squamous cell carcinoma (one case, 1%). Two or more infections were observed in 18 (13%) cases. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary diseases and risk factors among patients with AIDS in India differ from those reported in industrialized countries. Tuberculosis was the most frequently observed pulmonary infection, followed by bacterial pneumonia and CMV pneumonitis. In contrast with industrialized countries, PCP remains less common in our patients. The information on opportunistic infections obtained in this study will be useful for managing HIV/AIDS cases at district level hospitals where diagnosing specific HIV-associated diseases is not always possible.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2000

Skeletal and dental changes with nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion.

This prospective cephalometric study was undertaken to assess the mode and magnitude of Class II correction with nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy in growing children. The sample comprised subjects with similar malocclusion and age range (9-12 years) who were specifically selected for nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy. Cephalograms were analyzed to assess the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes that occurred after correction of the molar relationship, the overjet, and the overbite during the 9-month treatment period. The results revealed a significant improvement in the anteroposterior jaw relationship, suggested by the significant reduction in the ANB angle (1.62 degrees ) and in Wits AO-BO (1.42 mm). The mandibular length increase of 0.56 mm suggests that the Class II elastics used in nonextraction Begg mechanotherapy had a minimal stimulatory effect on mandibular growth. There was a significant increase in the anterior and posterior facial heights and the ramal height. Almost all of the dental changes were significant. The most striking feature were a significant retraction and extrusion of the maxillary incisors and proclination and intrusion of the lower incisors accompanied by extrusion of the mandibular molars. The maxillary incisors extruded by 1.64 mm under the influence of the undesirable downward component of the Class II elastic forces. The major contribution to overjet and molar correction was predominantly dentoalveolar.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Genetic recombination of poliovirus in vitro and in vivo: temperature-dependent alteration of crossover sites.

Genetic recombination that occurs with high frequency during poliovirus genome replication is a process whose molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Studies of genetic recombination in a cell-free system in vitro and in infected tissue culture cells in vivo have led to the unexpected observation that temperature strongly influences the loci at which cross-over between the two recombining RNA strands occurs. Specifically, cross-over between two genetically marked RNA strands in vitro and in vivo at 34 degrees C occurred over a wide range of the genome. In contrast, recombination in vivo at 37 and 40 degrees C yielded cross-over patterns that had shifted dramatically to a region encoding nonstructural proteins. Preferential selection of recombinants at 37 and 40 degrees C was ruled out by analyses of the growth kinetics of the recombinants. During the studies of recombination in the cell-free system we found that there is a direct correlation between the ability of a poliovirus RNA molecule to replicate in the cell-free system and its capacity to complement de novo virus synthesis programmed by another viral RNA.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1999

Muscle response to the twin-block appliance: an electromyographic study of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles.

An electromyographic study was performed on 10 young growing girls in the age group of 9 to 12 years with Class II Division 1 malocclusion and retruded mandible, who were under treatment with Twin-block appliances. Bilateral EMG activity of elevator muscles of the mandible (ie, anterior temporalis and masseter) was monitored longitudinally with bipolar surface electrodes to determine changes in postural, swallowing, and maximal voluntary clenching activity during an observation period of 6 months. The changes were noted at the start of treatment (0 month), within 1 month of Twin-block insertion, at the end of 3 months, and at the end of 6 months. The results revealed a significant increase in postural and maximal clenching EMG activity in masseter (P <.01) and a numeric increase in anterior temporalis activity during the 6 month period of treatment. The increased electromyographic activity can be attributed to an enhanced stretch (myotatic) reflex of the elevator muscles, contributing to isometric contractions. The main force for Twin-block treatment appears to be provided through increased active tension in the stretched muscles (motor unit stimulation) and from initiation of myotatic reflex activity and not through passive tension (viscoelastic properties) of jaw muscles. The results of this study reaffirm the importance of full-time wear for functional appliances to exert their maximum therapeutic effect by way of neuromuscular adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Dental and craniofacial features of Aarskog syndrome: report of a case and review of literature.

Aarskog syndrome is a rare syndrome with a typical triad of facial, digital and genital characteristics. The characteristic cephalometric finding in this patient was the unusually large upward slant of SN plane and a steep Ba-N plane. Though the patient presented with a class I skeletal pattern, both the maxilla and mandible were hypoplastic and retruded with respect to the cranial base. Other characteristic features regarding the mandibular morphology were a large FMA (37 degrees) and Sn-GoGn (44 degrees) angles, a large gonial angle (138 degrees), an increase in total anterior facial and lower anterior facial height.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1997

Genetic recombination of poliovirus in a cell-free system.

Genetic recombination of plus-strand RNA viruses is an important process for promoting genetic variation. By using genetically marked poliovirus RNAs, we have demonstrated that genetic recombination can occur in a cell-free system that generates infective virus from added poliovirus RNA. Recombinant polioviruses were isolated, and the region of crossing over was roughly mapped. Recombinants could be isolated even under conditions where the yield of viruses from one of the parental RNAs was depressed to levels comparable to or less than the yield of recombinant viruses, an observation suggesting that only one of the recombining RNAs needs to be replication-competent. The generation of poliovirus recombinants in a cell-free system offers new possibilities for studying recombination and evolution of RNA viruses.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1995

Interaction of host proteins with the plus-strand promoter of brome mosaic virus RNA-2.

The binding of five barley proteins (Mr: 37, 36, 35, 34, and 30 kDa) to the ICR2 motif present at the 5' end of brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA-2 was identified using UV cross-linking. Evidence that the interaction is specific included the observation that these proteins did not recognize a similar-size RNA fragment transcribed from a nonviral (beta-glucuronidase) gene, nor did they bind to the 3' end of the plus strand of RNA-3. Replication-defective BMV RNA-2 mutants bearing substitution mutations at nucleotides 9 and 10 of the ICR2 motif were used to show that these positions were involved in the interaction of the five barley proteins with BMV RNA-2. Surprisingly, the profile of barley proteins interacting with the 3' end of the minus strand of RNA-2 was similar to that seen for the 5' end of the plus strand. Further, the profile of proteins binding to minus-sense probes bearing substitution mutations in the ICR2 region differed from that found for the wild-type sequence. These findings support the concept that host proteins are involved in genome replication and that their ability to interact with both plus and minus strands of the viral RNA is probably involved with the initiation of plus-strand synthesis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Identification of domains in brome mosaic virus RNA-1 and coat protein necessary for specific interaction and encapsidation.

Even though many single-stranded RNAs are present in the cytoplasm of infected cells, encapsidation by brome mosaic virus (BMV) coat protein is specific for BMV RNA. Although the highly conserved 3' region of each of the three BMV genomic RNAs is an attractive candidate for the site of recognition by the coat protein, band shift and UV cross-linking assays in the presence of specific and nonspecific competitors revealed only nonspecific interactions. However, BMV RNA-1 formed a retarded complex (complex I) with the coat protein in the absence of competitors, and two domains of RNA-1 that specifically bound coat protein in a small complex (complex II), presumably early in the encapsidation process, were identified. Strong nonspecific, cooperative binding was observed in the presence of high concentrations of coat protein, suggesting that this provides the mechanism leading to rapid encapsidation seen in vivo. In contrast, no binding to a coat protein mutant lacking the N-terminal 25 amino acids that has been shown to be incapable of encapsidation in vivo (R. Sacher and P. Ahlquist, J. Virol. 63:4545-4552, 1989) was detected in vitro. The use of deletion mutants of RNA-1 revealed the presence of domains within the coding region of protein 1a that formed complexes with purified coat protein. One deletion mutant (B1SX) lacking these domains was only slightly more effective in dissociating RNA-1-coat protein complexes than were nonspecific competitors, further suggesting that regions other than the 3' end can participate in the selective encapsidation of BMV RNAs.

Bromovirus↗