PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R E Barsley

Publications and source records attributed to R E Barsley.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Gender differences in special needs populations.

The August 2000 Surgeon General's report confirmed that neglected, vulnerable populations in the United States are not adequately receiving oral health services. The silent epidemic of dental and oral diseases in population groups such as persons with MRDD and the geriatric population results in a diminished quality of life. This article presents a study and research design intended to gather data and report the results as related to the needs of a population with MRDD. The Surgeon General stated that oral health issues in relation to gender have not been explored adequately. The data that were collected add information on health, [table: see text] disease, and health practices in a neglected population, helping in part to address this important concern. The analysis of study data statistically confirmed certain differences between women and men in this special needs population. Women and men experienced a similar number of filled surfaces and missing teeth. Reports of oral pain and daily tooth cleaning were also similar. The rates of fluorosis and the need for urgent treatment differed by gender, as did the number of persons missing a combination of anterior and posterior teeth. In this population men exhibited a greater frequency of past oral injury than women and a greater burden of untreated caries. Men also exhibited a greater frequency of gingival signs, indicating a possible lack of attention to proper oral hygiene; this finding was coupled with their greater frequency of need for urgent dental treatment. Although some reasons for these findings can be postulated, more research into the causes is warranted. Those findings can then form the basis for sound policy decisions that will improve the oral health of both men and women with special needs. Barriers to improved oral health, whether they result from problems with access to providers, from attitudinal problems inherent in the providers themselves, the patient, or the patient's caretakers, or from a possibly gender-biased database, must be effectively addressed. Such barriers can be removed through increased knowledge that takes into account any physiologic and psychosocial differences in men and women, particularly in the long-neglected segments of the population--the elderly and the developmentally disabled.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

In vivo facial tissue depth measurements for children and adults.

This study reports results of a facial tissue depth measurements project conducted over a two-year period on a modern sample of children and adults of both sexes and varying ages and races. The purpose of this research was to increase available tissue depth data for children and update facial tissue depth measurements for American adults. Most volunteers for this project were patients or visitors to the pediatric clinic at the Louisiana State University Medical Center, School of Dentistry, in New Orleans. Using state of-the-art ultrasound technology, we scanned 551 children and 256 adults at 19 points across the face. Thirteen of the scanned points were traditional landmarks while six others were areas not measured by previous researchers or were points for which very little data exist for both children and adults. For this presentation, we analyzed data for 515 children and 197 adults. Results of Pearson's correlations, analysis of variance, and paired t-tests indicate that age, sex, and race are significant factors when considering tissue depth means for different measurement locations across the human face. These new standards are compared to the work of other researchers. Our results provide valuable assistance in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional facial reproductions and superimpositions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Dental treatment guidelines for use of restraints within the nine Louisiana developmental centers. Louisiana State University Dental Health Resources Program.

There are approximatively 2000 mentally retarded or developmentally disabled (MR/DD) individuals in Louisiana's nine developmental centers (LDC). Two-thirds resist the delivery of preventive and clinical dental services. Therefore, for these patients to receive quality, comprehensive dental care, some form of restraint is necessary. Physical holds, mechanical and/or chemical restraints allow caregivers and dental professionals to provide medical/dental services. However, prior to the use of restraint, a clear understanding and acquisition of informed consent are needed. The dentist, developmental center and its administration are responsible for developing a plan to obtain informed consent and to express the importance of restraint to each resident's guardian. This article defines the types of restraint based upon resistance encountered and defines informed consent according to the Louisiana Medical Consent Law.

Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1996

Wound patterns: detection, documentation and analysis.

Bruises and other injuries located in skin can play a valuable role in the forensic investigation of a crime. This paper present details outlining how forensic odontology can be useful in detecting, documenting and analyzing such patterned injuries. In addition, four illustrated case histories are included.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Forensic and legal issues in oral diagnosis.

The forensic odontologist has assumed a more visible role in the last decade, having been called upon repeatedly to assist both law enforcement agencies and the judicial system. It has become quite common for dentists to establish the identity of unknown bodies; to quickly and positively identify the victims of mass disasters such as airliner crashes, floods, and earthquakes; as well as to provide testimony in court concerning bite marks or other matters that require dental expertise. Litigation directed at dental defendants for failure to diagnose, properly treat, or obtain valid consent from plaintiff patients is also on the rise. In each of these fields, dentists who have been specially trained in or who have devoted their practices to the dental diagnostic sciences have been looked to widely as experts. This article discusses in detail these areas and others that affect the dental diagnostician.

Bites, Human↗
PubMed1992

Ultraviolet radiation and its role in wound pattern documentation.

The history of ultraviolet illumination in photography is discussed. Particular attention is devoted to the forensic aspects of ultraviolet photography as it relates to patterned injury on human skin. The authors discuss the theory underlying ultraviolet illumination of wounds on skin as well as the equipment required for this type of imaging.

Documentation↗
PubMed1991

Public knowledge about AIDS: a survey of dental school patients. Part I.

Surveys have demonstrated that the general public has many misconceptions about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Education has been the mainstay of the public health effort to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS. Some studies have shown an increase in the public's understanding of this disease. A survey of dental patients at a dental school clinic revealed that although misconceptions continue to exist, particularly with regard to AIDS and the dentist, this population had higher levels of knowledge about AIDS than did those in earlier studies.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1991

Public knowledge about AIDS: a survey of dental school patients. Part II.

Responses to a questionnaire on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) returned by patients of the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry were compared with responses to an AIDS questionnaire administered by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Although the questionnaire in this study was not patterned after that used by NCHS, some of the questions were either similar or directly opposite in content. Response patterns were compared and contrasted. In addition, those response patterns in Part I which are significantly different on the basis of demographic characteristics were compared with their counterparts in the NCHS survey.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

The use of human skin in the fabrication of a bite mark template: two case reports.

Comparison of a suspected biter's dental arches with the patterned injury of a bite mark is especially difficult when the bite occurs in an anatomic location with a small radius of curvature or with complex or compound curves. The authors present two case reports in which human skin was used as a template for the reproduction of a bite. In one case the victim's skin was used; in the other, the skin of a anatomically similar person was used. The use of inked dental casts, photography, and transparent overlays significantly reduced the errors common to analysis of bite marks in these highly curved areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Forensic photography. Ultraviolet imaging of wounds on skin.

The use of ultraviolet light (UVL) to study and document patterned injuries on human skin has opened a new frontier for law enforcement. This article discusses the photographic techniques involved in reflective and fluorescent UVL. Documentation of skin wounds via still photography and dynamic video photographic techniques, which utilize various methods of UV illumination, are covered. Techniques important for courtroom presentation of evidence gathered from lacerations, contusions, abrasions, and bite marks are presented through case studies and controlled experiments. Such injuries are common sequelae in the crimes of child abuse, rape, and assault.

Adult↗