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Biomedical subjects

R E Collins

Publications and source records attributed to R E Collins.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

123I-methylene blue: an unsatisfactory parathyroid imaging agent.

This study was designed to examine the possible use of 123I-labelled methylene blue as a parathyroid imaging agent. Five patients were studied, all of whom had parathyroid adenomas which were successfully localized preoperatively with 201Tl and 99Tcm-sestamibi, and which were subsequently proven at surgery. The 123I-labelled methylene blue localized only one of these adenomas, was negative in two and had equivocal uptake in the remaining two patients. It is therefore concluded that compared to other radionuclide methods for localizing parathyroid adenomas this agent is unsatisfactory.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Parathyroid imaging with technetium-99m-sestamibi: preoperative localization and tissue uptake studies.

The accepted radionuclide method for imaging abnormal parathyroid tissue has been the combined use of [99mTc]pertechnetate 201Tl-chloride. Various problems with this approach, however, have suggested the need for an improved parathyroid imaging agent. This study examined the use of 99mTc-sestamibi as a parathyroid imaging agent compared with 201Tl-chloride. Fifty-seven patients were scanned with both 99mTc-sestamibi and 201Tl preoperatively. There were 40 adenomas, of which 37 were localized with 201Tl and 39 with sestamibi. Fifteen patients had hyperplastic glands, of which 29 glands were localized with 201Tl and 32 with sestamibi. Possible differences in uptake of the two agents by thyroid and parathyroid tissue were examined by administering 10 MBq of each agent to patients undergoing surgical exploration and biopsy. Preoperatively 20 patients were studied (13 adenomas and 7 with hyperplasia). Thallium-201 uptake was higher in both the parathyroid and thyroid tissue than sestamibi. However, the uptake per gram of parathyroid tissue of sestamibi was higher than the uptake per gram of thyroid tissue. This was not true for 201Tl. Technetium-99m-sestamibi was at least as effective as 201Tl in parathyroid localization. This may be partly due to a higher target-to-background ratio, but also to the superior physical characteristics of 99mTc.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Use of operating theatres: the effects of case-mix and training in general surgery.

Details of theatre occupancy times for a surgical unit in a district general hospital and associated cottage hospital were recorded over a 4-month period. The average time of the procedures individually and reclassified within the BUPA schedule showed that both the severity of the procedure and the grade of surgeon influenced future theatre needs. For almost every type of procedure, as expected, consultants were quicker than registrars, who in turn were faster than SHOs. The hidden cost of training surgeons in general surgical operative procedures can be estimated as a result. It is concluded that current measures of resource use which rely only on the bed use and ignore operating theatre needs and training requirements for non-consultant grades will be misleading, particularly in relation to the large element of minor or intermediate surgery which constitutes the bulk of most district health authorities' workload.

Diagnosis-Related Groups↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in urological patients: a controlled, randomized trial of low-dose heparin and external pneumatic compression boots.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial in 83 patients undergoing open urological operations was performed to compare the relative prophylactic efficacy of low-dose heparin and external pneumatic compression (EPC) of the calves in comparison to no treatment in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis was established by the I125 fibrinogen scan and contrast phlebography. The data indicate that EPC is more effective than no treatment (p less than 0.04) and more effective than low-dose heparin (p less than 0.04) in the prevention of DVT. There was one pulmonary embolus in each of the three groups, and in the treatment groups this occurred without evidence of DVT.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in neurosurgical patients: a controlled, randomized trial of external pneumatic compression boots.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial in 95 patients undergoing neurosurgical operative procedures was performed to investigate the efficacy of external pneumatic compression (EPC) of the calves as compared with results in a control group that received no specific form of prophylaxis for prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The diagnosis of DVT was established by the I125 fibrinogen scan and radiographic contrast phlebography. The data indicate that EPC provides significant protection against the development of DVT in comparison with results in the control group (p less than 0.005). There were no known pulmonary emboli in any of the EPC-treated patients. There were no complications of EPC.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1976

The intravascular magnetic suspension of a test device for in vivo hemocompatibility evaluation of biomaterials.

To advance hemocompatibility evaluation techniques, a new in vivo method has been developed for the dynamic testing of candidate biomaterials in suitably-sized experimental animals. One of the salient features this method is that the material to be evaluated constitutes the blood contact surface of a slender body of revolution which is coaxially suspended in a large canine vessel by electromagnetic forces only. The insertion site of the specimen is distal and downstream to the test region, reducing the influence of thrombotic tissue substances. These experimental conditions also insure that the only chronically exposed foreign surface is that of the test material, whose interactions with blood components are not affected by contact with the vessel intima. As demonstrated in simulated Circulation Model experiments, macroscopic thromboembolic phenomena induced by the test material can be continuously monitored. Preliminary in vivo trials have verified the validity of the underlying principles; the feasibility of the required surgical techniques, and the adequate performance of the suspension system.

Animals↗