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Biomedical subjects

R E Isralowitz

Publications and source records attributed to R E Isralowitz.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Differential staff perceptions of service organization and management in drug treatment.

Dissonance among 23 professional and 7 paraprofessional staff of drug service agencies toward case record management of addicts was investigated. Analysis showed that these paraprofessionals, former drug addicts now in a treatment role, tend to be more critical of how case records are dealt with than professional staff. The data favour the hypothesis that the greater the diversity of staff's background characteristics, the greater are the chances for disagreement and discord in organization and management.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

Gender as a determinant of work values among university students in Israel.

Gender differences in work values, measured by the 25-item Manhardt scale (1972), were examined among 820 (391 male and 429 female) undergraduate students at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. Male and female students differed on 9 items. The single students' scores were similar to the scores of the total sample; among married students, there were gender differences on only 3 items. In the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, male and female students differed on 13 items; in the Faculty of Engineering, they differed on 8 items; and in the Faculty of Medicine, they differed on 2 items. There was no consistent pattern of gender-based differences in work values. These findings show the need to control for background variables and field of study/occupation in examinations of gender-based differences in work values; they also indicate the need to revise and augment traditional explanations of gender differences in work values.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Israeli college student alcohol use: the association of background characteristics and regular drinking patterns.

In Israel, there is a lack of research regarding the association between background characteristics of university students and their use of alcohol. In response, a cohort of 1276 male and female undergraduate students was surveyed at a major university in the country. Among the study participants, 21% (270) reported regular, weekly use of alcohol. Men were much more inclined to drink on a weekly basis than women; and, 7% of the students who used alcohol regularly did so on a daily basis. Approximately 70% of the students who used alcohol drank in the company of friends; and, one-third of the alcohol using students reported that it was important to have their friends with them when they used the substance. Student background characteristics found to be associated with weekly alcohol use included: gender, age, country of origin, economic status, academic discipline, father's level of education, and parents' use of alcohol and legal medication. An important finding of this study was that 30% of the students who used alcohol reported driving a car after drinking and 3% of this sub-population drank while driving. Alcohol tends to be used and abused more than any other licit or illicit substance among Israeli university students. This issue, however, receives far less attention than illicit drug use in terms of education, public awareness. prevention and treatment activities. Alcohol use and abuse among university students in Israel is far from the major problem found elsewhere. Nevertheless, planned prevention and other forms of intervention are needed on campuses throughout the country.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

Substance use: toward an understanding of its relation to nutrition-related attitudes and behavior among Israeli high school youth.

PURPOSE: To study the distribution, prevalence, determinants, and association between substance use (e.g., cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal drugs) and eating attitudes and behavior of high school students in the Negev region of Israel in order to provide an improved basis for prevention and health services. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire regarding attitudes and behavior related to substance use and eating (e.g., breakfast before school, a snack or meal during school time, and three meals a day) was answered by 1,513 high school age youth. RESULTS: The study participants were at greater risk of poor eating behavior if they: (1) used cigarettes, alcohol, and/or illicit substances (p < .01); and (2) were female (p < .01). It was found that girls who used cigarettes were more likely than other young people studied not to eat properly and not to know about the relation between proper eating behavior and personal health (p < .05). Regardless whether cigarettes, alcohol, or illicit substances were used or not used, more than 50% of the youth reported not eating breakfast and 30% indicated they did not eat three meals daily. CONCLUSIONS: There are many concerns about the use and abuse of both licit and illicit substances among adolescents. More attention, however, needs to be given to the relationship between substance use and the attitudes and behavior of young people toward their health, including proper eating habits. The results support the need to develop drug prevention and health programs that are more comprehensive in terms of addressing the broad range of factors associated with adolescent growth and development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Attitudes of Russian immigrant and Israeli-born women toward child-care services.

Israel, like most other societies, has a variety of subgroups differentiated by ascribed attitudes or characteristics which are imputed to individuals. These differences may be reflected by attitudes which are evaluative statements concerning objects, people, or events. In this study the attitudes of Israeli women--30 veterans and 30 newly arrived from the Soviet republics--toward family day-care services were examined. A number of significant differences between the study cohorts, such as amount of interaction between parents and child-care providers, were found and have implications for provision of service and absorption of immigrants.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1990

Religious values and beliefs and place of residence as predictors of alcohol use among Chinese college students in Singapore.

Data drawn from a detailed study of alcohol use among Chinese undergraduate college students in Singapore (N = 767) show identification with religious values and beliefs not to be a significant factor in terms of students' alcohol use. Students' place of residence (i.e., on campus in a hostel or off campus) was found to predict alcohol use but in a way opposite to the pattern commonly predicted - that is, students on campus tend to drink less than their off-campus counterparts. When religious values and beliefs identification as well as place of residence were examined together, it appears that these two factors have no influence on students' alcohol use.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Singapore youth: the impact of social status on perceptions of adolescent problems.

This study examined key issues facing Singapore youth and whether social class status affected their perceptions of problems. The major problems reported by 220 high school aged youths included being pressured to keep up with schoolwork, worrying about the future, and needing help with schoolwork. A considerable degree of congruence was found in terms of how lower- and middle-class youths ranked their problems. Cm-square analysis, however, indicated that significantly larger numbers of lower-class youths considered the following issues problematic: arguing with parents, receiving enough sex education, feeling good about oneself, worrying about suitable work, worrying about the future, difficulty in accessing recreation facilities, and needing help with schoolwork. The path for Singapore youth growing into adulthood is one that reflects the stress and pressure of a dynamic, modern society with changing social and cultural values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cross-cultural study of alcohol behaviour among Singapore college students.

To test the hypothesis that Singapore Indian college students would experience higher rates of drinking problem behaviour than their Chinese counterparts, the Engs and Hanson questionnaire was administered to 767 Chinese and 185 Indian undergraduate students. The significant differences in drinking problems found between Indian and Chinese students were interpreted as reflected a higher level of anomie among the Indians in terms of their drinking norms. Singapore Indian students' alcohol-related problem behaviours, however, are considerably less than those found in college students from western countries.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1989

Family unemployment and its impact on adolescent personality development.

The issue of family unemployment is examined in terms of its effect on adolescent work values and self-concept. The subjects were 344 high school youths from an Israeli development town. The study findings show no significant differences among youth from families where the father is either employed or unemployed. These results tend to be consistent with other research in the sense that father's work status has little, if any, impact on adolescent family member's attitudes toward work and self.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Smoking among kibbutz youth. Patterns, perceptions, and determinants.

A population of 54 high-school-aged kibbutz youth in Israel were studied to assess their smoking habits. Twenty (37%) were smokers. Among the smokers, 15 (75%) smoked daily, with four smoking as many as 10-20 cigarettes per day. Nearly half of the group believed smoking affected their health and were interested in stopping their use of cigarettes. Smokers when compared to nonsmokers had more positive peer relations (chi 2 = 9.308; p less than 0.01), less positive relations with parents (chi 2 = 8.293; p less than 0.01), more boredom with kibbutz life (chi 2 = 3.468; p less than 0.10), and less involvement with a hobby, sport, or reading (chi 2 = 3.133, p less than 0.10). Parents' smoking habits, marital status of the parents, students' self-evaluation of their academic performance, and youths' age and sex did not differentiate smokers from nonsmokers.

Adolescent↗