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Biomedical subjects

R E Kanner

Publications and source records attributed to R E Kanner.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Association of viral and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections with acute respiratory illness in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.

The relative importance of respiratory virus and M. pneumoniae infections as causes of acute respiratory illnesses was studied over an 8 yr period in 150 subjects who were normal or who had varying degrees of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Viral or M. pneumoniae infections were associated with 186 of 1,030 (18%) illnesses studied, whereas these infections were detected in only 86 of 1,398 (6%) illness-free periods (P less than 0.01). Rhinoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses and coronaviruses were each significantly associated with acute respiratory illnesses. The occurrence of acute respiratory illnesses and viral infections was the same in subjects with moderate to severe COPD as it was in subjects who were normal or who had mild disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Variables associated with changes in spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases.

One hundred fifty subjects were enrolled in a long-term study of obstructive lung diseases; 84 of these were subjected to five or more spirometric studies over a period of two or more years. Stepdown regression analysis was performed to determine the association between many different variables and the annual rates of change in the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). The following associations were noted to be significant (p less than 0.03); more favorable rates of change of the FVC and FEV1 were associated with a higher alpha1-antitrypsin level and older age. Less favorable changes were associated with more years of cigarette smoking, more airway reactivity and more frequent lower respiratory tract illnesses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Ultrastructural evidence of marked immunoglobulin production plus macrophagic ingestion of eosinophils and eosinophilic lysosomes leading to intracytoplasmic Charcot-Leyden crystals.

A 60-year-old man was diagnosed as having chronic eosinophilic pneumonia by clinical presentation and open lung biopsy. Electron microscopic study of the tissue from biopsy revealed evidence of marked production of immunoglobulin, which may be part of the chemotactic process which attracted large numbers of eosinophils into the area. Also, there were macrophages which were phagocytosing degenerating eosinophils and eosinophilic lysosomes. Charcot-Leyden crystals were noted in the cytoplasm of many macrophages. The relationship of the production of immunoglobulin to the eosinophilia and the mechanism of intramacrophagic formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals is discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Haemophilus influenzae and haemophilus parainfluenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The importance of nonencapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (C.O.P.D.) has been investigated in 150 patients observed at two-month intervals from 1968 to 1975. H. influenzae was distinguished from H. parainfluenzae by demonstrating requirements for both X and V factors. H. influenzae was isolated more often from sputum cultures from patients with severe C.O.P.D. (13.8%) than from patients with mild disease (4.4%, P less than 0.01). In contrast, H. parainfluenzae was isolated with equal frequency from sputums of patients with mild (40%) or severe (43%) disease. H. influenzae was present in the sputum more often during exacerbations of acute respiratory illness (15.4%) than during sympton-free periods (9.6%, P less than 0.01), while isolation rates of H. parainfluenzae did not increase during periods of illness (35% versus 39%). Antigens specific for the H. influenzae species and for the H. parainfluenzae species were used in a complement-fixation test to detect antibody rises in sera collected from the patient population. Fourfold or greater rises in titre of antibodies to H. influenzae were detected on 76 occasions in 53 patients, and 46 of these rises were associated with acute respiratory illnesses. In contrast, no antibody rises were detected with the H. parainfluenzae antigen. These observations indicate that nonencapsulated strains of H. influenzae may have pathogenic potential in patients with C.O.P.D., whilst H. parainfluenzae should be considered as normal flora.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia: a report of four cases and a review of the literature.

The clinical and radiological findings of four patients with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia are presented. This brings the total number of cases in the English literature to 27. A comparison of all 27 patients is given. The syndrome can readily be distinguished from other eosinophilic pneumonias. After appropriate evaluation, a therapeutic trial can often be initiated with corticosteroids without the necessity for histologic confirmation of the diagnosis.

Adult↗