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Biomedical subjects

R E Mann

Publications and source records attributed to R E Mann.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Drugs and violence among Ontario students.

In this research the links among violence and nonviolent delinquency and the use of alcohol and other drugs were investigated. The data were derived from the 1995 Ontario Student Drug Use Survey, a cross-sectional probability survey of Ontario students in grades seven, nine, 11 and 13 (n = 3,870). Students were classified into four groups: those who reported engaging in no delinquency, those who reported violent delinquency only, those who reported nonviolent delinquency only, and those who reported both violent and nonviolent delinquency. As expected, individuals who reported violent delinquency also reported the most frequent use of cocaine and amphetamine. The association of violent delinquency with alcohol use was not as strong as expected; nonviolent delinquents reported the most frequent use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Do drinking surveys predict changes in population-based alcohol problem indicators?

We examined per capita alcohol consumption and survey-based measures of alcohol use in Ontario in relation to indicators of alcohol problems for the period 1977-1997. Per capita consumption and percentage of daily drinkers were significantly related to problem indicators, but percentage of drinkers and percentage of heavy drinkers were not. Of the measures we examined, per capita consumption was the strongest indicator of alcohol problems.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extraction of protective components of Rickettsia rickettsii with n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

Two Rickettsia rickettsii proteins, with apparent molecular masses of 120 and 155 kilodaltons, have been implicated as important antigens in immunity to Rocky Mountain spotted fever. An n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-soluble fraction of R. rickettsii was found to be enriched for these proteins along with others. Vaccination of mice with the detergent-soluble fraction protected them against death caused by R. rickettsii and protected guinea pigs from developing Rocky Mountain spotted fever after being challenged with viable R. rickettsii.

Animals↗
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Treatment, Alcoholics Anonymous and alcohol controls during the decrease in alcohol problems in Alberta: 1975-1993.

In this study, the trends in alcohol consumption, alcohol-related problems, alcohol availability and treatment efforts were examined for the province of Alberta, for the period 1975-1993. Most of the trends previously observed in Ontario were also observed in Alberta. We found: (1) stabilization followed by important declines in per capita consumption of alcohol; (2) large decreases in most measures of problems such as cirrhosis mortality and traffic fatalities related to drinking; (3) increases in treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous membership rates; (4) increases in measures of physical availability of alcohol. One problem, impaired driving arrest rate, increased substantially during the years examined.

Accidents, Traffic↗
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On the high road: driving under the influence of cannabis in Ontario.

While cannabis is the most frequently found illegal drug in drivers killed or injured in motor vehicle collisions, little is know about driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) in the general population. We report information on the incidence of DUIC in a representative sample of the Ontario adult population. Among all drivers, 1.9% reported DUIC in the previous 12 months. Several factors influenced the likelihood of reported DUIC, including gender, age, marital status and education level. Among cannabis users, DUIC appeared to be a relatively common behaviour; 22.8% reported DUIC, and the probability of the behaviour was significantly influenced by gender and education level. As well, DUIC and drinking-driving were strongly related in this sample. These data underscore the need to obtain more information on this behaviour, including a more complete understanding of any risks involved.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction of high-alcohol beer in Ontario: preliminary observations on its use by underage drinkers.

Preliminary data are reported on the use of high-alcohol beer by underage drinkers in Ontario. Students in grades 11 and 12 with a valid driver's licence completed a questionnaire between January and May, 1994 (i.e., between three and seven months after the introduction of high-alcohol beer). About one-half of students who had drunk alcohol within the previous four weeks reported consuming high-alcohol beer within that period. In this group, males were much more likely to report high-alcohol beer consumption in the previous month. Both male and female high-alcohol beer consumers drank alcohol more frequently, got drunk more frequently, and drank five or more drinks on the same occasion more frequently than non-consumers. One reason for trying high-alcohol beer, "wanted a higher alcohol content", was endorsed by more than one-third of high-alcohol beer consumers. Our data suggest that the users of high-alcohol beer among this underage drinking sample tend to be heavier drinkers and more likely to experience alcohol-related problems.

Adolescent↗