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Biomedical subjects

R E Matus

Publications and source records attributed to R E Matus.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Lymphoid leukemia in the dog. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

True lymphoid leukemia of bone-marrow origin may present as two distinct clinical forms in the dog. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a rapidly progressive disease associated with proliferation of malignant, undifferentiated lymphoblasts. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a more insidious form of malignancy associated with abnormal proliferation of small lymphocytes. Recognition of these clinically distinct forms of leukemia and their differentiation from lymphosarcoma are important in considering prognosis and approach to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunoglobulin-producing tumors.

Multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia are the most common immunoglobulin-producing neoplasms seen in the dog. Treatment with the alkylating agents in combination with prednisone may significantly prolong survival. Supportive management of associated complications is imperative to ensure that the individual case receives optimal care. The use of clinical staging seems to be of value in establishing prognosis; however, response to therapy may be more significant, for many dogs present with advanced disease. In the high-risk patient, one should consider using investigational combination drug protocols which are available at a referral center. Although a "cure" is unlikely, the prospect of the animal having a fairly normal, healthy life for an extended period of time (over a year in the majority of cases) should encourage veterinarians to recommend evaluation for treatment in dogs with multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia.

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMed1983

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the dog: a review of 30 cases.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was diagnosed in 30 dogs. Diagnosis was confirmed by examination of blood smears and bone marrow aspirates. The most common clinical signs were lethargy, anorexia, splenomegaly, and pallor of mucous membranes. Three dogs were not treated, 3 dogs were treated with prednisone, and 3 dogs were treated with cyclophosphamide; survival times in these 9 dogs ranged from 1 to 60 days. Twenty-one dogs were treated with vincristine and prednisone; of these, complete remission was achieved in 4 dogs and partial remission was achieved in 4 dogs, with survival times ranging from 8 to 241 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Chronic myelogenous leukemia in the dog.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia was diagnosed in 7 dogs. In each case, marked neutrophilia in the absence of infection was observed in association with nonspecific illness. Diagnosis was based on morphologic cytology of blood smears, bone marrow aspirates, and in 1 case, a lymph node biopsy specimen. In 5 cases, treatment with hydroxyurea was successful in lowering circulating WBC counts, but was of questionable value in the prevention of leukemic blast crisis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Plasmapheresis-immunoadsorption for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog.

Systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed in a 3-year-old, male German Shepherd Dog. Clinical signs included lethargy, partial anorexia, fever, joint swelling, and skin and oral ulceration. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:640 and immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin G at the dermal-epidermal junction in skin biopsy specimens. Treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide failed to induce remission. Intensive plasmapheresis-immunoadsorption, using purified Staphylococcus protein A in combination with low-dose prednisone therapy, resulted in sustained remission.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Protein A-independent tumoricidal responses in dogs after extracorporeal perfusion of plasma over Staphylococcus aureus.

Protein A-positive or -negative Staphylococcus aureus preparations were used in an extracorporeal system to treat dogs with spontaneously occurring cancers. Tumor regression was seen in 4 of 7 dogs treated by reinfusion of plasma that had been incubated with protein A-positive S. aureus Cowan I strain (SAC). Therapy was associated with fever, liver enzyme abnormalities, and hypocomplementemia. Tumor response and toxicity could be diminished by more extensive washing of the SAC preparation. Tumor regression was also seen in 2 of 2 animals treated with protein A-negative S. aureus Wood strain 46. In addition, tumors regressed in 3 of 4 dogs treated with infusions of protein A-free saline extracts from S. aureus. These results suggest that the release of a non-protein A bacterial product contributes to tumor regression following incubation of plasma with S. aureus.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Circulating immune complexes in sera of dogs with benign and malignant breast disease.

The Raji cell radioimmunoassay was adapted to measure circulating immune complexes (CIC's) in the sera of 74 dogs with benign and malignant breast disease. In dogs with recently diagnosed spontaneous breast cancer, 57% (29 of 51) had elevated CIC's, with some levels as high as those found in the sera of dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus. The sera of 10 of 23 dogs with benign breast disease also demonstrated elevated levels of CIC's. Two weeks following mastectomy, repeat CIC levels were obtained in 30 dogs. Elevated CIC levels returned to normal in all dogs with benign breast disease but in only 33% of dogs with breast cancer. Dogs with persistent elevation of CIC's were at greater risk of developing metastatic breast cancer. Serum total hemolytic complement was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in dogs with untreated breast cancer than in healthy dogs but did not correlate with the level of CIC's found. Two weeks after mastectomy, total hemolytic complement levels had returned to normal. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, the complexes were shown to sediment at 19 S. These studies indicate that the dog may be a good model for elucidating the significance of elevated CIC's in breast cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canine osteosarcoma. Treatment by amputation versus amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy using doxorubicin and cisplatin.

Osteosarcoma was diagnosed in 38 dogs. Thirty-six tumors originated from the appendicular skeleton and two from the axial skeleton. Nineteen of the dogs were treated with amputation alone, and 19 were treated with amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin and cisplatin. The 36 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma had complete amputation of the affected limb, whereas the two dogs with osteosarcoma of the axial skeleton had an en bloc resection. The mean survival of the 19 dogs treated with amputation alone was 218 days (median, 175 days). Ten dogs were alive at 6 months and four survived 1 year. None of the dogs survived longer than 16 months. Radiographic lesions consistent with metastatic osteosarcoma were seen after surgery in the nine dogs in which radiographs were taken. The mean survival of the 19 dogs treated with amputation and chemotherapy was 415 days (median, 300 days). Drug toxicity was not observed. Fifteen dogs were alive at 6 months, seven dogs were alive at 1 year, 5 dogs were alive at 2 years, and two dogs were alive at 3 years or longer. One dog is alive and well at 25 months. Radiographic lesions suggestive of metastatic osteosarcoma developed in the other 18 dogs. The 19 dogs treated with amputation and chemotherapy had significantly longer survival times than the dogs treated with amputation alone.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotherapy versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in the treatment of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma in the dog.

The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in 22 dogs with advanced canine tonsillar carcinoma (World Health Organization [WHO], T2-3 primary tumor with infiltration into surrounding tissues) was evaluated. There were four treatment groups of at least five dogs each. Combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs reported to have activity against squamous cell carcinoma in humans and dogs (doxorubicin, cisplatin, vinblastine, and cyclophosphamide) were administered after tonsillectomy. Radiation therapy (orthovoltage type, external beam) was combined with chemotherapy in one treatment group. The dogs that had combination radiation therapy and chemotherapy had higher response rates and significantly longer survival times. However, most dogs died of progression of disease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy and toxicity of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide used in the treatment of selected malignant tumors in 23 cats.

Twenty-three cats with malignant, nonhematopoietic tumors were treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Fourteen cats had nonresectable tumors of the mammary gland, and nine had tumors of the oral cavity. Of the cats with mammary gland adenocarcinoma, seven cats had a partial response to treatment and seven cats had no response. Of the cats with oral tumors, one cat had a complete response, three cats had a partial response, and five cats had no response. All 23 cats are dead because of tumor progression or recurrence. Toxic effects were seen in 18 of the cats; most were transient and required no alteration in the treatment protocol. A high response rate combined with acceptable toxicity warrants further evaluation of combination doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in cats with nonhematopoietic neoplasia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Etoposide (VP-16). Retrospective analysis of treatment in 13 dogs with lymphoma.

A retrospective analysis was performed of the effect of VP-16 (etoposide) in the treatment of 13 dogs with lymphoma. Twelve dogs had achieved partial (two) and complete (ten) responses to combination chemotherapy, but all were out of remission at the time of the trial. One dog had not previously had chemotherapy. There was minimal response to VP-16 chemotherapy in the 13 dogs studied, and only two of 13 dogs had some response to treatment. For one dog, complete and partial remission durations were one and three months, respectively. In another dog, there was partial remission of eight days. There were no responses in the other 11 dogs. The most serious adverse reaction after administration of VP-16 was an acute pruritic cutaneous reaction that occurred in 11 of the 13 dogs, which may have been associated with the vehicle of VP-16, polysorbate 80. Results showed that VP-16 has minimal activity for treatment of dogs with lymphoma that have experienced relapses after treatment with other anti-cancer drugs. More trials are needed with higher dosages and the oral form of the drug, which does not contain polysorbate 80.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Canine ehrlichiosis in six dogs with persistently increased antibody titers.

Chronic ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in six dogs on the basis of increased immunofluorescent antibody titers to Ehrlichia canis. Although clinical signs varied, all six dogs were anemic, hyperglobulinemic, and an IgG monoclonal gammopathy was documented in five dogs in which serum protein electrophoreses were performed. All dogs were treated with tetracycline for at least 14 days; four dogs also received immunosuppressive drugs. Clinical signs resolved within 1 week, hematologic abnormalities resolved in 1 to 5 months, and increased globulin concentrations normalized in 1 to 15 months; however, E. canis antibody titers remained increased for 15 to 31 months after initiation of treatment. Results of this study show that increased E. canis titers can persist in dogs with ehrlichiosis for many months after clinical recovery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma and associated hypercalcemia.

Lymphoma and hypercalcemia were diagnosed in 37 dogs. Twenty-six of the dogs received chemotherapy. The association between some prognostic factors including clinical stage of disease, illness status, presence of bone marrow involvement, and presence of an anterior mediastinal mass and remission duration and survival time was evaluated. Statistical analysis of the prognostic factors showed that the presence of an anterior mediastinal mass had an adverse effect on remission duration (P less than 0.03). Calcium concentration was not significantly related to any of the prognostic factors evaluated. Dogs that received chemotherapy were more likely to be self-supporting than the dogs that were not treated (P less than 0.005). However, initial illness status was not significantly related to remission duration or survival time in the 26 dogs that were treated. Six dogs (25% of dogs treated) survived longer than 14 months. Five of these dogs were female. Overall mean and median remission times were 10.4 and 6 months, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicosis. Clinical features in 32 dogs.

Clinical cardiac abnormalities developed in 32 of 175 dogs that had various malignancies and were treated with doxorubicin: 31 dogs had electrocardiographic abnormalities including arrhythmias and nonspecific alterations in the R wave, ST segment, or QRS duration and 7 dogs had congestive heart failure. All seven dogs that had congestive heart failure died within 90 days. At necropsy, 13 of 32 affected dogs had noninflammatory myocardial degeneration, myocytolysis, vacuolation, and/or fibrosis and there was intramural coronary arteriosclerosis in all 13. Five dogs with lymphosarcoma were in complete clinical remission when they died of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, but the overall survival times of the lymphosarcoma subset was nevertheless longer than in previous studies. The clinical use of doxorubicin in the dog can cause cardiotoxicosis but the therapeutic benefit appears to outweigh risks in most dogs.

Animals↗