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Biomedical subjects

R E McLaughlin

Publications and source records attributed to R E McLaughlin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Enhanced stabilization of porous-coated metal implants with tricalcium phosphate granules.

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) granules were tested as a possible alternative to bone graft as an interposition material to stabilize porous-coated metal implants in overreamed femoral intramedullary canals in dogs in vitro and in vivo. TCP granules provided as much stability as bone graft or a press fit in the in vitro testing. At six weeks in the in vivo system, the TCP stabilized specimens had an increased average resistance to tensile testing, but the increase was not significant. At six months, however, TCP-stabilized specimens exhibited a significant increase in resistance to pull-out force (p less than 0.05). Histologic examination revealed incorporation of the TCP granules in bone bridging from the endosteal cortex to the porous surfaces. TCP granules might be useful as a synthetic interposition material for stabilization of porous-coated metal components. TCP granules exhibited osteoconductive properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

An algorithm for the management of ligamentous injuries of the knee associated with common peroneal nerve palsy.

Peroneal nerve palsy is the result of traction of the nerve at the fibular head and can be seen after varus injuries of the knee. The complication is uncommon and spontaneous, useful recovery is unusual. The treatment of either the ligamentous injury or the nerve injury alone is uncomplicated. However, when these injuries are seen in combination, management is more complicated. The clinical and laboratory findings of the nerve palsy in such a situation are reviewed. In addition, an algorithm has been constructed that is useful in determining the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic steps in managing combined injuries.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Clavicular fractures and acromioclavicular joint dislocations in lacrosse: preventable injuries.

Clavicular fractures and acromioclavicular joint dislocations occur frequently in high school lacrosse players. This injury is restricted to attackmen who are struck in the clavicular region by the stick of the defensemen. The conventional foam shoulder pads with or without flexible plastic inserts worn by the attackmen did not protect them from this injury. On the basis of this clinical experience, a new protective shoulder pad containing high-density polyethylene over the clavicle and acromioclavicular joint has been designed and manufactured to prevent these injuries. Our initial experience with this new shoulder pad indicates that it will protect lacrosse players from clavicular fractures and acromioclavicular joint dislocations.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1984

Iliacus hematoma and subsequent femoral nerve palsy after penetration of the medical acetabular wall during total hip arthroplasty. Report of a case.

Intrapelvic perforation of the medial acetabular wall during total hip arthroplasty is not uncommon but has been associated only rarely with adverse effects. A postoperative iliacus hematoma with secondary femoral nerve palsy occurred in a 61-year-old woman. The patient had been on Coumadin prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis, but bleeding times were never excessively prolonged. Diagnosis was made by computerized tomographic (CT) scan. Conservative therapy produced resolution of the nerve deficit within eight months. Careful attention to the placement of anchoring drill holes in the acetabulum could have prevented this complication. Iliacus hematoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a femoral nerve palsy in the postoperative total hip patient, particularly if anticoagulation is employed.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1984

Enhancement of bone ingrowth by the use of bone matrix as a biologic cement.

In an effort to enhance bone growth into implants with porous coatings, a decalcified bone cement was used to secure fixation of the implants in canine femora. Rods with porous coatings were inserted bilaterally into the femoral medullary canals of nine dogs of varying sizes. A demineralized bone paste was used to enhance the fixation in one side, with the contralateral limb serving as a control. Pull-out testing and gross and roentgenographic examination of the specimens confirmed that the demineralized bone matrix enhanced fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Radionuclide bone imaging as a means of differentiating loosening and infection in patients with a painful total hip prosthesis.

Twenty patients with 23 painful total hip prostheses were examined by radionuclide imaging (20 cases), arthrography (11 cases), needle aspiration (9 cases), and surgery (19 cases) for the purpose of assessing loosening and/or infection. Bone imaging was most accurate, showing three main distributions of activity: (a) ectopic calcification, (b) focal increased activity at the upper and lower ends of the femoral prosthesis, and (c) diffuse activity. These findings suggest that infection and loosening can be differentiated in many instances. None of the patients with focal activity had infection, compared to 2 of the 3 patients with diffuse uptake.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Methylmethacrylate: A study of teratogenicity and fetal toxocity of the vapor in the mouse.

To determine possible deleterious effects of methylmethacrylate vapor on mouse gestation, pregnant mice were exposed to average vapor concentrations of 1330 parts per million for two hours twice daily during Day 6 through Day 15 of pregnancy. A slight increase in the average weight of the fetuses of the exposed mothers were demonstrated but no other evidence of fetal toxicity or teratologic effects was found. During three total hip replacements, the concentration of methylmethacrylate in operating-room air never rose above 280 parts per million.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1978

The strength of metal reinforced methylmethacrylate fixation of pathologic fractures.

Fixation of the pathological fracture in terminal patients has in the past added the trauma of an extensive surgical procedure to an already weakened patient. Intramedullary fixation with single and double rods in conjuction with polymethylmethacrylate have been compared to ascertain the effect of different loading conditions using torque and analysis under compression measurements of the strength of repair bone. Extensive intramedullary reaming can be avoided with polymethylmethacrylate. The cement effectively transmits the load from the proximal to the distal fragment. The single large rod method would be more desirable for stiffer bones while the double thin rod technique may be applicable to more flexible bones.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Porous acrylic cement.

The use of acrylic bone cement has a number of shortcomings, viz., high curing temperatures that can cause thermal necrosis, release of toxic monomer, and a less than perfect cement-to-bone bond. However, by modifying the cement composition through the addition of a soluble, nontoxic filler such as sucrose or tricalcium phosphate which does not impair the workability of the material during surgery, a significant improvement in the performance of the cement can be achieved. Because the filler replaces part of the acrylic components, less heat is generated during curing while the filler itself acts as a heat sink. Also, less monomer, proportional to the amount replaced by the filler, diffuses from the implant site. Upon elution of the filler, a porous cement will be obtained provided that a critical minimum percentage loading is exceeded so that the filler crystals will make physical contact with each other. The value of this percentage depends on both crystal modification and size. In the 125-175 micron sucrose crystal size range, the critical minimum percentage lies in the range of 20-28 wt% loading. Above 30%, the interconnecting pore size increases sharply to a value which allows good tissue ingrowth into the pores. The introduction of filler and pores causes a drop in strength, but the diametral tensile strength of modified cement containing up to 40% pores and sucrose lies between .7 and 1.5 kg/mm2, respectively, which is still in the same range as that of bone.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1977

Total hip replacement in the previously infected hip.

Ten patients with a history of previous hip joint sepsis including one with active tuberculosis of the hip have had total hip replacement using acrylic cement. With duration of follow-up ranging from six months to over three years, all but one have had satisfactory results with no evidence of persistent or recurrent infection. When preceded by thorough evaluation and eradication of hip sepsis, total hip arthroplasty appears to be an acceptable procedure for restoring a functional hip joint in patients with this difficult problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Chondrosarcoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of the painful hip by aspiration and arthrography.

The preoperative or postoperative painful hip can present a difficult diagnostic problem. In a series of 46 aspirations on such hips, one instance of Staphylococcus aureus, three instances of Staphylococcus albus, one instance of Escherichia coli and one instance of tuberculous infections were diagnosed. In addition, in a series of 22 fluoroscopically controlled arthrograms performed on patients with painful total hip replacements, six instances of loose acetabular components and one instance of a broken femoral stem were found.

Biopsy, Needle↗