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Biomedical subjects

R E Melhem

Publications and source records attributed to R E Melhem.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The gamut of abdominal and pelvic cystic masses in children.

The gamut of abdominal and pelvic cystic masses in children is long with lesions affecting the urogenital tract and retroperitoneum, gastrointestinal tract and mesentery, hepatobiliary tract, and spleen. The goal of this pictorial review is to display the radiological manifestations of these disorders. The radiologist will learn, from this review of the differential diagnosis, how to reach a diagnosis after analyzing the characteristic findings using the appropriate imaging diagnostic studies among the various modalities available in his armamentarium, and the optimal management of these conditions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

Ethnic factors in the variability of primary vesico-ureteral reflux with age.

OBJECTIVE: To determine any ethnic difference in the rate of spontaneous decrease in the incidence of primary vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voiding cystourethrograms on 738 patients with urinary tract infection were reviewed, and the incidence of primary vesico-urethral reflux was correlated with age, gender and ethnic origin. RESULTS: There was a gradual decrease in the incidence of primary VUR in whites between 0-10 years, while the incidence of primary VUR in blacks was very low and remained the same. After 10 years of age, no difference was present. CONCLUSION: The possibility of delayed maturation of the antireflux mechanism in whites is considered as a possible explanation, and the possibility of an ethnic basis for this is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Intracardiac hydatid cyst: concise communication.

Hydatid cysts of the heart are rare and account for 0.5% to 2.0% of all hydatid infestations. The article describes a well-documented intracardiac hydatid cyst in a child. Because these cysts enlarge slowly, they rarely present in early childhood.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1991

Pulmonary changes in congenital syphilis.

Three of seven infants afflicted with congenital syphilis at our institution in the past five years showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. These persisted long after adequate antibiotic treatment of the primary infection. Review of pathologic literature suggests these infiltrates represent pulmonary immaturity, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and interstitial scarring.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Pulmonary nodules secondary to total parenteral alimentation.

A seven-year-old male, who had a retro-peritoneal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and was on total parenteral alimentation (TPN) developed multiple pulmonary nodules, indistinguishable from metastases. These proved to be multiple lipid emboli on open biopsy.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Balloon dilatation of post-surgical ano-rectal strictures in two infants.

Balloon dilatation of ano-rectal strictures offers an alternative to surgical repair of such lesions. This procedure has been described in higher colonic strictures secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis in infants but not in post-surgical ano-rectal strictures. Two cases of successful balloon dilatation are reported. Anal sphincter injury resulting in fecal incontinence, as previously reported [1], did not occur.

Anus Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Microcephaly, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, short stature, and minor anomalies: a new syndrome.

Four sibs, three males and one female, had microcephaly, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, short stature, and multiple congenital anomalies. They had five normal sibs and consanguineous parents. Findings in the affected sibs also included a narrow forehead, synophrys, micrognathia, abnormally folded pinnae, early loss of teeth in three, cubitus valgus in two, genu valgum, gynecomastia, and undescended testes in one. All sibs had normal chromosomes. Results of tests for growth hormone release and adrenocortical function were normal. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation tests were consistent with primary gonadal failure. Testicular biopsy, performed on two affected males, was normal in one and showed focal atrophy with decreased spermatogenesis in the other. The patients manifest a phenotype different from all other known types of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and appear to represent a new MCA/MR syndrome.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

The syndrome of hyperostosis and hyperphosphatemia.

Six children, five girls and one boy, presented with recurrent episodes of swelling, pain, and tenderness of the long bones. On roentgenographic examination all had cortical hyperostosis of the affected areas. Serum phosphate concentration was persistently elevated, and calcium values were normal. Bone biopsy and histologic examination in three patients revealed periosteal new bone formation. The Ellsworth-Howard test was performed on three patients; all had a normal phosphaturic response and an increase in urinary c'AMP to exogenous PTH. The EDTA test, performed on one patient, demonstrated significant phosphaturic response, but a minimal drop in serum phosphate concentration. These findings suggest that the association of cortical hyperostosis and hyperphosphatemia is a distinct clinical entity, and that hyperphosphatemia results from decreased renal excretion of phosphate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The radiolucent liver.

Changes in the liver density on the plain film of the abdomen may be seen when there is a change in the nature of the liver structure. Increased amount of fat is associated with increased radioluceny which can be detected when looked for specifically. Since 1972, we have had the chance to make a diagnosis of fatty liver on the plain film of the abdomen in five patients. In all these cases, histological sections showed severe fatty change. This finding becomes easier to appreciate on the early films of an I.V.P. examination, especially when large doses are used.

Fatty Liver↗
PubMed1975

Pyloro-duodenal atresia. A report of three families with several similarly affected children.

Seven patients born with pyloro-duodenal atresia are reported, one had an additional atresia of the small and large bowel, and another had a pneumoperitoneum probably secondary to rupture of the stomach. All patients had the same radiological findings and had no air distal to the pylorus. Consanguinity was elicited in four and a familial incidence of an identical malformation in siblings in six. 6 of the 7 patients were operated on and 4 are living and well 6 months to 5 years later. This report raises the total number of published cases of pyloro-duodenal atresia to 46, and provides further evidence for an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

Duodenum↗