Biomedical subjects

R E Moreng

Publications and source records attributed to R E Moreng.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Zinc methionine for stressed laying hens.

The effects of zinc methionine product (ZP) supplementation to Single Comb White Leghorn hens on egg production and quality were measured through three consecutive egg laying cycles. During the first and second lay cycles, ZP had minor or nonsignificant effects upon hen performance. During the third lay cycle, a low dietary Ca (.3% Ca) stress of 1 mo duration was encountered. During this low-Ca stress period, hens fed 1 g ZP/kg produced the greatest number of eggs (P less than .05), and during recovery from that low-Ca stress, the hens receiving 2 g ZP/kg produced the most eggs (P less than .05). The ZP appeared to help hens maintain egg size throughout this stress period. The present results indicate that ZP was beneficial to hens during low-Ca stress and during the recovery period following that stress.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Dietary zinc methionine effect on eggshell quality of hens drinking saline water.

In two experiments individually caged 60-wk-old laying hens were exposed to daily temperatures ranging between 18 and 35 C and given various dietary and drinking water treatments. In Experiment 1 these were: 1) basal diet and town water; 2) basal diet and town water supplemented with 2 g NaCl/L; 3) basal diet supplemented with .2 g zinc methionine (Zinpro-200)/kg diet and town water; or 4) basal diet supplemented with .2 g zinc methionine/kg and town water supplemented with 2 g NaCl/L. In Experiment 2, Treatments 1 and 2 were the same as in Experiment 1. Birds on Treatments 3 and 4 received the town water supplemented with 2 g NaCl/L and the basal diet supplemented with either .5 g zinc methionine/kg (Treatment 3) or .28 g ZnSO4H2O/kg to approximate the same dietary zinc concentration in Treatment 3 (Treatment 4). In both experiments, dietary zinc methionine plus 2 g NaCl/L in the drinking water significantly improved shell breaking strength over those birds on the 2 g NaCl/L with no zinc methionine supplementation. This same pattern occurred for shell weight, shell weight per unit of surface area, and percentage of shell defects. There were no improvements in the parameters measured from the supplementation of ZnSO4. The zinc methionine compound apparently was effective in overcoming the negative influence of the added 2 g NaCl/L of town water.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1992

The effect of testosterone propionate on growth of broiler chickens.

The effects of testosterone propionate (TP) on body weight, tissue percentages of body weight, serum IgM, and rectal temperature (2 h postinjection) of male and female broiler chickens were investigated at 28 and 48 days posthatching. Testosterone propionate was dissolved in sesame oil and was injected at 2 mg/kg of body weight every other day, and controls were treated with sesame oil at similar volume, starting Day 7 posthatching. Administration of TP reduced (P < .05) body weight and percentages of liver, testes, and bursa of Fabricius at 28 and 48 days of age. At 28 and 48 days of age, muscle percentage and comb growth of TP-treated birds increased (P < .05) but ovarian weight was unaffected. Concentrations of IgM in serum of TP-injected birds was unchanged at Day 28, but increased (P < .05) at Day 48. Testosterone propionate did not affect percentages of bone or abdominal fat in either sex. Rectal temperature was depressed (P < .05) by TP treatment in both sexes at both ages.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Reproductive performance of artificially inseminated hens receiving saline drinking water.

Laying hens were selected at random and placed in individual cages in a commercial type layer shed. One hundred hens received town water and one hundred received town water supplemented with 2 g NaCl/L. Half the hens on each water treatment were inseminated every 7 days with mixed semen collected from six cockerels of a commercial table egg strain maintained on town water. The remaining hens were inseminated with semen from six cockerels receiving town water supplemented with 2 g NaCl/L. Eggs were collected and stored at 12 C over a 7-day period before eggs with defective shells were identified and removed. All remaining eggs were incubated and candled at 7 and 18 days of incubation to detect infertile eggs and embryonic deaths. Data from six consecutive hatches were analyzed. The incidence of eggs with defective shells doubled in hens receiving the saline drinking water. These hens had a significantly (twofold) higher incidence of embryonic deaths and a significantly lower (13%) hatchability of fertile eggs. For every 100 eggs laid the numbers of settable eggs and chicks hatched were significantly reduced in hens receiving the saline drinking water. The saline water reduced the numbers hatched by 20% for every 100 eggs laid. The water treatment given to the cockerels had little effect on reproductive performance.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Use of ascorbic acid to prevent the decline in eggshell quality observed with saline drinking water.

Three experiments were carried out to determine the value of ascorbic acid in overcoming the poor eggshell quality problem associated with the use of saline drinking water. Laying hens were supplied with either town water or town water supplemented with NaCl, ascorbic acid, or a combination of NaCl and ascorbic acid. Supplementing the drinking water lf laying hens with NaCl (2 g/L) significantly increased the incidence of eggshell defects and significantly decreased eggshell quality. Simultaneous supplementation of the saline drinking water with ascorbic acid (1 g/L) prevented these detrimental effects. This response to ascorbic acid was dependent upon concentration. Ascorbic acid acted as a preventive rather than a remedial treatment: hens producing eggs with defective shells as a result of receiving saline drinking water failed to show any improvement in eggshell quality or any reduction in the incidence of eggshell defects when the saline water was supplemented with ascorbic acid.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The utilization of brewers' dried grains in the diets of Chinese ringneck pheasant-breeder hens.

Two trials were conducted, each one using 240 Chinese Ringneck pheasant-breeder hens (Phasianus colchicus torquatus) to determine the effects of feeding various levels of brewers' dried grains (BDG) on egg production, fertility, hatchability, and feed consumption. The birds were subjected to natural daylight. Data were collected for 16 wk of egg production (April 1 through July 31). Each of four diets containing 0, 15, 30, or 45% BDG was fed to three pens (19 females and 1 male per pen), beginning 1 wk prior to the onset of lay. The eggs were collected twice daily and were stored at 13 C and were set in incubators every 14 days. The eggs were candled on Day 21 of incubation to determine the number of infertile eggs and dead embryos. The hatch was removed on Day 25. The egg production and fertility from BDG-fed hens did not differ from those of the control hens. The hatchability of fertile eggs was higher (P less than .05) from hens fed diets containing 30 and 45% BDG than from hens fed the control diet. The inclusion of BDG in the diets of pheasant-breeder hens had a favorable influence on the hatchability of eggs.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1980

Temperature and vitamin requirements of the domestic fowl.

The basic vitamin requirements of the bird must be more clearly established before the true effects of temperature can accurately be measured. Although the literature reveals progress, the knowledge gained (as in many other fields of scientific investigation) is spotty, contradictory, vague, and intriguing, providing a basis for further planned comprehensive investigation. A review of literature leads to some general conclusions on the effects of temperature on vitamin requirements. 1) Feed consumption regulates vitamin intake, and feed consumption is closely moderated by environmental temperature, both high or low and to a varied extent. 2) Factors involved in management, growth, egg production, light, etc. are very influential interactions. 3) High environmental temperature and subsequent heat stress will result in altered availability and utilization of specific nutrients. 4) There are factors regulating nutrient intake that relate to utilization, such as energy-protein ratio, management, age of bird, and genetic composition of the bird. 5) Care and treatment of feed, age, storage conditions, pelleting, and characteristics of the ingredients are important influences.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Response to selection for hatchability in turkeys at three altitudes.

Eggs from a commerical flock of Small White turkeys established at 76 meters above sea level were used to develop five lines of turkeys. Hatchability of fertile eggs was the only criterion used to establish selected lines at 76, 1524, and 2182 meters. Control lines were maintained at the 76 and 1524-meter locations. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the selection program on organ weights, body weight, and packed cell volumes (PCV). For two generations, eggs from one hatch at each of the three elevations were divided into three groups, two of which were exchanged for hatching and rearing. Twenty poults from the five lines at all three locations were sacrificed at 1-day, 2-weeks, and 4-weeks of age. Heart. liver spleen, adrenals, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, and gonads were removed, weighed, and the weight expressed as a percent of body weight. Blood samples were collected and PCV values determined at ages 1-day, 2-weeks, and 4-weeks at the 1524-meter elevation. Selection for hatchability had no adverse effect upon 1-day, 2, and 4-week body weights. Variations in body weight between locations were not due to natural environmental conditions, but rather to variations in management. Selection for hatchability coupled with natural selection resulted in the development of lines of turkeys with higher PCV values than the original control population. Exposure of turkey poults from the five genetic lines developed at an altitude of 2182 meters lead to an increase in relative weights of the heart and adrenal glands compared to birds at the 76 and 1524-meter locations. Exposure at the 2182-meter location also resulted in lighter spleens, pancreata, kidneys, and ovaries compared to birds at the 76 and 1524-meter locations. Selection for hatchability favors larger adrenals, livers, pancreata, kidneys, and lungs, but smaller hearts. Natural selection at higher elevations compounds the situation by favoring smaller adrenals and livers, but larger spleens, pancreata, and kidneys.

Altitude↗

PubMed1974