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Biomedical subjects

R E Osborn

Publications and source records attributed to R E Osborn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

MR of pediatric intracranial meningiomas.

PURPOSE: To assess MR and pathologic characteristics of childhood intracranial meningiomas, comparing the radiographic findings with those observed in adult intracranial meningiomas. METHODS: Clinical records, MR and CT scans, and histology of eight children with intracranial meningiomas presenting for a period of 7.5 years were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Boys equaled girls but predominated from ages 4 to 11 years. The ages ranged from 4 to 18 years. Two patients had radiation-induced meningiomas. Two children had multiple lesions; neither had neurofibromatosis. All solitary lesions were supratentorial. Other characteristics included: dural-based attachment (n = 6); large size (> 5 cm) (n = 4); cystic components (n = 3); and intraventricular location (n = 1). Histologic subtypes were: meningothelial (n = 4); transitional (n = 3); and fibroblastic (n = 1). Preoperative diagnoses of meningiomas were made in six cases based on overall imaging characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of childhood intracranial meningiomas does not differ from that of adults radiographically, with the exception of larger tumor sizes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Gorham's disease involving the thoracic skeleton. Plain films and CT in two cases.

Two cases of Gorham's disease (massive osteolysis, idiopathic osteolysis, vanishing bone disease) involving the thoracic skeleton are reported. Both patients were adolescent females with involvement of multiple ribs. Involvement of the thoracic spine and pleural effusions--unusual manifestations carrying a poor prognosis--were also present. The radiographic and computed tomographic appearances are included with discussion and review of this disease entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Computed tomography in the headache patient: is routine evaluation really necessary?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the likelihood ratio of a positive computed tomogram of the brain in the routine evaluation of headache patients. DESIGN: Consecutive patients with a chief complaint of headache were prospectively evaluated with computed tomography of the brain. Patients with headaches complicating other clinical disorders such as trauma, postictal state or known intracranial neoplasm were excluded. SETTING: Military tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 350 patients with a chief complaint of headache, regardless of the presence or absence of physical or neurologic signs, were referred for computed tomography of the brain. The patients were referred from a variety of inpatient and outpatient settings. RESULTS: Seven (2%) of the 350 patients had computed tomographic findings that were clinically significant. An additional 25 (7%) had positive computed tomographic findings, which were clinically insignificant for findings. All of the patients with significant computed tomographic findings had an abnormal physical or neurologic exam or unusual clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: Routine computed tomography of the brain in headache patients with normal physical and neurologic exams and no unusual clinical symptoms has a low likelihood ratio for discovering significant intracranial disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Multiple aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery.

Multiple aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery are rare. The authors describe a patient who was admitted with a sudden, severe headache with radiation to the neck. Angiograms demonstrated filling of both anterior cerebral arteries and bilateral aneurysms arising from the origin of the anterior communicating artery. Both aneurysms were surgically verified and clipped.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1991

Computed tomography of the brain in the evaluation of the headache patient.

A retrospective analysis was conducted of 100 consecutive patients evaluated with computerized tomography of the head who had the chief complaint of headache. Three percent of these patients had abnormal findings, which were clinically significant in terms of patient treatment and follow-up. An additional 10% had computed tomography findings, which were clinically insignificant in that they did not alter the patient's treatment or clinical course. All of the significant findings occurred in patients who were age 45 years or older. In the 85 patients who were less than age 45, no significant abnormalities were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Congenital dacryocystocele with intranasal extension: correlation of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

A case of dacryocystocele with intranasal extension is described by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, which are correlated with the appearance on computed tomography (CT) scans. Computed tomography and MRI are equally sensitive in detecting dacryocystocele. Magnetic resonance imaging has the advantages of characterizing the cyst contents, allowing multiplanar imaging without the need for manipulation of the patient, and the absence of radiation exposure. Computed tomography has the advantage of detecting bone changes involving the bony nasolacrimal canal. Clinically, these abnormalities usually resolve spontaneously and only rarely require surgical intervention.

Cysts↗
PubMed1989

A case of hemorrhagic pineal cyst: MR/CT correlation.

A 30-year-old male had a headache for one month and was evaluated with both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR). These scans demonstrated an obstructing pineal cyst containing layered acute and subacute blood products by MR criteria. The concurrent scans allowed correlation between CT and MR findings in this rare complication of an unusual entity, explained his headache (and the development of later upward gaze paresis), provided a precise surgical/anatomic approach, and gave a good final clinical result. The report illustrates appropriate CT and MR images and pathological specimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The CT and MR evaluation of migrational disorders of the brain. Part II. Schizencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria.

The migrational disorders are a rare group of congenital malformations of the brain. They consist of the following entities - lissencephaly (agyria - pachygyria), pachygyria, schizencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria. We studied 40 children with migrational disorders radiologically with CT and MR. This article (Part II) deals with our patients with schizencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria. These patients presented clinically with a variety of symptoms. The most common were seizures, delayed development, failure to thrive and hydrocephalus. CT and MR both demonstrated the characteristic findings in all of our patients except the polymicrogyria group. The gray matter and cleft abnormalities seen in these disorders were demonstrated with CT and MR. However, MR provided better delineation of these disorders than CT. Because some forms of migrational disorders can be inherited, it is extremely important for the radiologist to understand the characteristic findings for correct diagnosis which is essential for parental counseling.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

The CT and MR evaluation of migrational disorders of the brain. Part I. Lissencephaly and pachygyria.

The migrational disorders are a rare group of congenital malformations of the brain. They consist of the following entities--lissencephaly (agyria-pachygyria), pachygyria, schizencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria. We studied 40 children with migrational disorders radiologically with CT and MR. This article (part I) deals with our patients their characteristic CT and MR findings along with their clinical presentation and course. These patients presented with one or a combination of the following symptoms, hypotonia, seizures, failure to thrive, microcephaly and occasionally hydrocephalus. These two groups of migrational disorders have abnormalities affecting the gyral-sulcal pattern of the cortex and gray-white matter distribution of the brain. MR provided better delineation of these disorders than CT. Because some forms of the migrational disorders can be inherited, it is extremely important for the radiologist to understand the characteristic findings for correct diagnosis which is essential for parental counseling.

Brain↗
PubMed1989

Intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults.

Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is an uncommon occurrence in young adults. Signs and symptoms may be subtle or atypical and predisposing factors absent in patients with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging-proven hemorrhage. Rapid evaluation and referral to a neurosurgeon are critical if consequent morbidity and mortality are to be minimized. Presented are the cases of two patients in their early thirties with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging-proven intracerebral hemorrhage. These cases vividly demonstrate that in young adults there is a need to maintain a high index of suspicion and consideration of intracerebral hemorrhage before signs and symptoms are attributed to less malignant disease processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The CT and MR evaluation of lissencephaly.

Lissencephaly is a rare congenital malformation of the brain that has characteristic radiographic and clinical findings. Fifteen cases of lissencephaly were studied with CT and/or MR, and a classification was developed based on these cases and the description of this abnormality found in the literature. These findings can be divided into two groups, primary and secondary. The primary findings consist of (1) a cerebral surface that is agyric or agyric with pachygyric areas, (2) a cerebral contour that is oval or "hourglass" due to lack of or incomplete opercularization of the brain, and (3) an abnormal gray-white-matter distribution in the cerebral hemispheres. The primary findings are necessary to make the diagnosis, which can be made with either CT or MR; however, MR provided better delineation than CT of the cerebral surface and contour as well as better gray-white-matter differentiation in the lissencephalic brains. We believe MR is the technique of choice for evaluating patients with lissencephaly because it is safer and more versatile than CT and provides better delineation of the brains of children.

Brain↗
PubMed1988

The clinical and radiological evaluation of lissencephaly.

Lissencephaly is a rare congenital malformation of the brain that has characteristic clinical and radiographic findings. Thirteen cases of lissencephaly were studied clinically and radiographically with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. A classification was developed based on the findings in these cases and the literature. The clinical and radiographic evaluation of lissencephaly is emphasized, with a thorough discussion of the clinical spectrum of each type, radiographic findings, prognosis, survival, and associated genetic abnormalities.

Brain↗