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Biomedical subjects

R E Paiva

Publications and source records attributed to R E Paiva.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

The validity of clerkship performance evaluations.

The validity of narrative evaluations of clinical performance in medical school was investigated for three successive classes of medical school graduates. The criteria were ratings obtained from residency supervisors one year after entering the programme. Bivariate correlational analysis, multiple regression analysis and canonical redundancy analysis were performed to examine the associations between the evaluations by teachers of competence in medical school clerkships and the subsequent ratings by residency supervisors. The results, best summarized in the canonical analysis, showed two relationships between the two sets of measures (lambda 1 = 0.54 and lambda 2 = 0.47). The first relationship revealed an overall-competence-in-medicine dimension; the second suggested an interpersonal-skills/professional-maturity dimension. Overall, knowledge of clerkship performance accounted for 15% of the variance in residency ratings. The findings suggest the need to improve the assessment of professional maturity and behaviour during medical school.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1986

CPE methods for the education of interdisciplinary professionals.

Reports the findings of a five (groups) by two (pre-and-post test) split-plot analysis of variance type research project designed to test the hypothesis that CPE teaching methods are as effective in producing personal change in health care professionals as they are with clergy. Analysis of measuring instrument responses (Adjective Check List, Survey of Interpersonal Values, Rokeach Dogmatism Scale) of 79 subjects--clergy, nurses, nuns, counselors, and miscellaneous professionals--tended to support the major hypothesis. Critical comments are offered by a professional pastoral counselor not involved in the original research.

Clergy↗
PubMed1986

A multidisciplinary surgery clerkship: ten-year experience.

This article describes the principles, logistics, and curriculum of an integrated, multidisciplinary surgery clerkship. This clerkship, tailored to mastery-based instruction, was designed to meet specified goals unique to this institution and structured to obviate weaknesses of traditional clerkship formats. Evaluation methods have been designed to assess the clerkship program, student performance in and reaction to the clerkship, and performance after graduation from medical school. Results indicated clerkship ratings by students are typically above average for all educational modalities and that six out of seven graduating classes rated the surgery clerkship significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than their other clerkship experiences. Other findings showed highly satisfactory to above average performance of graduates whether based on residency supervisors' evaluations or self-evaluations and higher ratings for the graduates who selected surgery residency programs than for those pursuing other disciplines.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMed1985

The impact of legal medicine education on medical students' attitudes toward law.

Physicians' negative attitudes toward law and the legal system derive in part from the physician's lack of understanding of basic legal principles relating to medical practice. Required legal medicine education at the medical school level offers a vehicle for changing these attitudes while at the same time clarifying physicians' rights and responsibilities under the law. The authors in this study assess the impact of required curriculum programming in legal medicine at Southern Illinois University School of Medicine on medical students' attitudes toward law and the legal system. A total of 80 students completed a survey instrument prior to and immediately following required instruction in legal medicine. This instrument enabled the authors to gather information regarding students' attitudes toward law and the legal system as well as students' perceptions of ther medical/legal knowledge. The results suggest that legal medicine education has a favorable impact on the attitudes of medical students toward law and the legal system.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Ethical decision making by family physicians.

One hundred thirty-one Illinois family physicians, 53 general practitioners, and 65 general internists responded to a survey on medical ethics. From these data emerged a profile of the family physicians and an identification of the ethical problems they encounter most frequently in their practice: (1) issues about contraception, (2) pain control, (3) telling the patient the truth, (4) sexual issues, (5) informed consent, (6) confidentiality, (7) controlling patients' behavior with medication, (8) sterilization, (9) professional etiquette, (10) patients' rights, and (11) peer review.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1982

The effect of clinical experiences in medical school on specialty choice decisions.

Medical students' specialty choice decisions are usually made by the middle or end of the clinical year. In the study here, the authors investigated the extent to which various factors during clinical clerkships affected specialty choice. Debts, other financial considerations, and length of residency had little overall effect on students' choices. The order of clerkships was of particular significance for the undecided students. Members of the clinical teaching faculty exercised a strong role-modeling effect throughout medical school. During clerkships, however, the greatest influence on specialty choice came first from the interplay of faculty members and experiences and second from faculty members by themselves; experiences alone affected few students. The influence of faculty members and clerkship experiences was greatest among students who chose psychiatry. Additionally, most students who selected psychiatry had originally intended to enter other specialties. The large majority of those who chose family practice, internal medicine, and surgery had made their decision prior to emerging clerkships and, therefore, clinical experiences and the faculty tended to affect them the least.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1978

The SIU medical curriculum: systemwide objectives-based instruction.

The Southern Illinois University School of Medicine has completed a five-year experience applying an objectives-based approach to an entire curriculum in a medical school setting. Approximately 250 students have worked and studied within the system, and three classes have been graduated. This paper describes the instructional system and the procedures for monitoring, maintaining, and improving it and provides available outcome data.

Attitude↗
PubMed1977

Students' attitudes toward cancer: changes in medical school.

This study focuses on the development of attitudes toward cancer during medical school. Under consideration were: (a) attitudes toward the patient's inner resources to cope with a serious illness such as cancer, (b) attitudes toward the value of early diagnosis, (c) attitudes toward the value of aggressive treatment, and (d) belief in immortality and preparation for the acceptance of death. Changes occurred throughout medical school, especially during the clinical years. More change appears to be related to medical education and experience that to personality. The findings have important implications for the education of medical students.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1975

Factors related to medical students' research activities.

The study reported here was designed to assess different aspects related to the research activities undertaken by students in medical school. An extensive questionnaire was administered to 580 graduating seniors which covered degree of participation in research, length of time, circumstances, importance of pay, and level of resulting benefit. Other information included career choice and primary interest. A profile of the research-oriented student emerged from the findings.

Career Choice↗