Biomedical subjects

R E Sanders

Publications and source records attributed to R E Sanders.

20 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Aging and negative priming: is ignored information inhibited or remembered?

We had younger and older adults complete two tasks that tested the attentional- and memory-based inhibition models of negative priming. One task violated May, Kane, & Hasher (1995, Psychological Bulletin, 118, 35-54) criteria for measuring just attentional inhibition, by including a repeated-target condition. The other task complied with these criteria and included a depth of processing manipulation, where participants selected prime targets based either on their letter-length (nonsemantic processing) or weight (semantic processing). On balance, results supported the memory model, because depth of processing clearly moderated younger adult negative priming, and older adults displayed negative priming only in the task satisfying the attentional-inhibition criteria (i.e., the depth of processing task). We conclude that memory factors moderate negative priming, and that May et al.'s criteria fail to predict when older adults will show the effect.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Older adults' strategic superiority with mental multiplication: a generation effect assessment.

Recent studies suggest that older adults' simple arithmetic fact knowledge may be superior to that of college students, as evidenced by the older adults' more frequent use of direct memory retrieval (versus computation) as an answer generation mechanism. Whereas previous studies assessed strategy selection via self-report and/or reaction time, we have adopted the "generation effect" paradigm-better memory for items that are subject-generated versus those that are simply read. The memorial advantage of generation depends in part on the degree of effort involved in generating versus reading an item. Because direct retrieval is less effortful than computation, we expected qualitative age differences in answer generation strategies to manifest themselves as age differences in the magnitude of the generation effect, especially for problems with larger answers. With simple multiplication problem materials, the expected Age x Problem Size interaction was found. In a verbal materials comparison condition, the size of the generation effect did not differ across adult age.

Adult↗