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Biomedical subjects

R E Shor

Publications and source records attributed to R E Shor.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

The distinction between the antismoking and nonsmokers' rights movements.

In a recent article Markle and Troyer analyze the cigarette controversy as a status battle between pro and antismoking vested interests. They argue that the purpose of the antismoking movement is to lower the status of smokers, symbolically to label smoking as undesirable, unacceptable, and socially deviant behavior, and, hence, to stigmatize and denigrate smokers as social misfits. In this paper it is argued that it is important to extend the analysis by drawing a distinction between the general antismoking movement and the nonsmokers' rights movement. It is shown that the nonsmokers' right movement in its pure form is devoted solely to the protection of the rights of nonsmokers and does not endorse, and may even oppose, other elements of the general antismoking movement. The essential motivation is not the denigration of smokers but rather is the refusal of nonsmokers to be victimized by the oppressive conditions of the social support system of smoking that gives smokers the implicit right to smoke in shared areas and puts bothered nonsmokers on the defensive.

Advertising↗
PubMed1979

Reported physiological and psychological symptoms of tobacco smoke pollution in nonsmoking and smoking college students.

A 147-item questionnaire concerning the relevance of the nonsmokers' right movement to college and university campuses was administered to 307 University of New Hampshire undergraduates. The fourth section of the questionnaire consisted of 28 questions on symptoms caused by smoke pollution. Responses to these questions were given on a five-category frequency of occurrence scale. Frequencies, descriptive statistics, and t tests contrasting current smokers from nonsmokers were presented. Generally sizable percentages of nonsmokers reported adverse physiological and psychological symptoms from tobacco smoke pollution. Smokers reported a similar pattern of responding but at lower frequencies of occurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Normative beliefs about tobacco smoking on campus in relation to an exposititon of the viewpoint of the nonsmokers' rights movement.

A 147-item questionnaire on the effects of tobacco smoking on campus was administered to 307 University of New Hampshire undergraduates. Questions were asked in relation to an exposition of the viewpoint of the nonsmokers' rights movement. A group of 21 items, dealing with attitudes and normative beliefs related to issues of smokers' and nonsmokers' rights, were selected for analysis in this paper. Descriptive statistics and t tests contrasting the smokers and nonsmokers were presented. A majority of both groups agreed that smoking on campus should be limited to special areas and agreed that the right to breathe smoke-free air is the primary right. Nonsmokers in particular affirmed that nonsmokers who find smoke aversive often hide their true feelings and do not request that smokers abstain. Interpretation of results focused upon the normative structure of our society as the key element involved in perpetuating smoking in shared areas. At the present time it appears that smoking in these areas without permission is defined as normative (i.e., appropriate), whereas objecting is implicitly characterized as a norm violation.

Female↗
PubMed1976

An experimental analysis of the Chevreul pendulum illusion.

An investigation was performed, with the use of 60 male and female college students, to quantify the Chevreul pendulum illusory effect, the tendency of a small pendulum, when suspended from the hand and imaginatively concentrated upon, to oscillate seemingly of its own accord. By means of a time exposure photographic measurement technique, strong parametric influences of the pendulum's sinusoidal motion were isolated. It was found that the pendulum effect was enhanced when (a) attentional capacity remained undivided, (b) the amount of musculature used to suspend the pendulum was at a maximum, (c) oscillating visual and auditory external stimuli were present, and (d) females were Ss. In addition, the visual stimulus was found to be superior to its auditory counterpart. The relevance of ideomotor and visual capture interpretations of covert muscle processes in the pendulum illusion was discussed.

Attention↗
PubMed1975

Information processing analysis of the Chevreul pendulum illusion.

An information processing investigation was performed to quantify the Chevreul pendulum effect: the tendency of a small pendulum, when suspended from the hand and imaginatively concentrated on, to oscillate seemingly of its own accord. Using a time exposure photographic measurement technique, electronically automated visual and auditory imaginal prompts were presented to the subject during imaginal processing tasks. It was found that the pendulum effect was enhanced when vision of actual pendulum oscillations was permitted and visual or auditory spatially oscillating stimuli were present. Visual spatially oscillating stimuli were superior to their auditory counterparts. Results were discussed in terms of ideomotor and visual capture interpretations of signal and imaginal processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

An auditory analog of the Stroop Test.

With use of a tape-recorded auditory method of stimulus presentation, 112 undergraduates were required to identify the tonal concepts of high and low when these concepts were symbolically coded both in terms of high and low pitches of voice and by the spoken words "high" and "low." Trials consisted of 44-item sequential identifications of the concepts. Results were consistent with those in other realms. With use of a speeded accuracy criterion, findings were that Ss could identify the concepts faster from word symbols than from pitch symbols and faster from the two types of symbol information correctly matched than from either component type alone. More interference was produced when half of the symbols on a trial were mismatched and the other half matched than when all of the symbols were mismatched. Interference effects in both directions were found, but there was a larger interference of words on pitch than of pitch on words.

Adolescent↗